“人才增量扩充”还是“资源存量优势”——研究生教育规模影响高科技创新的实证研究

Talent Increment Expansion or Resource Stock Advantage:An Empirical Study on the Influence of Postgraduate Education Scale on High-Tech Innovation

研究生教育支撑高科技创新不仅体现在通过人才培养,扩充高级人力资本增量的方面,还包括依托自身“产教学研”资源的存量优势,从而释放出的强大科技创新效能。利用我国2003-2017年的省级面板数据,分析了研究生教育规模对高科技创新的影响,结果发现:①研究生教育规模对总的科创成果数呈现抑制效果,表明科创成果的“数量扩张”与“质量升级”之间可能存在一定的取舍关系;但是对高科技创新成果数的正效应显著,表明研究生教育对科技创新的支撑作用主要集中在高技术领域;②区域扩充的研究生“人才增量”与保有的研究生教育“资源存量”对高科技创新具有联合促进效应;③在研究生教育发展特征不同的省份之间研究生教育支撑高科技创新的效果存在差异,优质人才增量扩充对于释放物质资本效率、稳固资源存量优势等的意义重大。

The support of postgraduate education for high-tech innovation is not only reflected in the expansion of advanced human capital increment through student training,but also in the release of powerful sci-tech innovation efficiency from its own advantageous"production,teaching and research"resource stock.By virtue of the provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017,this paper analyzes the influence of postgraduate education scale on high-tech innovation.The findings are as follows:first,the growth of postgraduate education scale shows an"inhibitory effect"on the total number of sci-tech innovation outcomes,indicating that there may be a trade-off between the quantity expansion and the quality upgrade;but,the positive effect on the number of high-tech innovation outcomes is significant,indicating that the supporting effect of postgraduate education on sci-tech innovation is mainly concentrated in high-tech fields;second,in a region,the human capital increment of postgraduates and the resource stock of postgraduate education have a joint facilitating effect on high-tech innovation;and third,the effect of postgraduate education on high-tech innovation differs between provinces with different postgraduate education characteristics,and the increment of high-quality talent is important to the efficiency of physical capital release and the advantageous stability of resource stock.