自设交叉学科的分布及其支撑学科的关联性——基于高校自设交叉学科的数据分析

On the Correlation Between the Distribution of Independently Designed Interdisciplines and the Supportive Disciplines:Based on the Data Analysis of the Independently Designed Interdisciplines in Universities

推进学科交叉融合,加强交叉学科建设是“双一流”建设的重要着力点。通过对教育部更新公布的高校自主设置交叉学科名单及其支撑学科的量化统计分析,探讨交叉学科分布及其支撑学科的关联特征。研究发现,“双一流”建设高校中参与交叉学科设置的高校占比少,地方本科院校支撑学科的整体交叉融合能力低;综合类和理工类院校自设交叉学科的数量远超其他类型高校;交叉学科以应用学科为主要支撑,基础学科支撑数量少;近缘交叉学科设置数量多,远缘交叉学科中自然科学学科交叉能力强、人文社会科学支撑学科单一。当前交叉学科建设的关键是要立足国家和区域发展需求,推动高校自设交叉学科建设;发挥学科综合潜在优势,保障交叉学科设置的质量;注重基础学科交叉融合,增强人文社科学科支撑广度;重视远缘交叉学科设置,推进学科间知识体系整合。

Promoting interdisciplinary integration and developing interdisciplines is an important work priority of the double first-class construction.This paper discusses the distribution of interdisciplines and the correlation characteristics of supportive disciplines through quantitative statistical analysis of the list of interdisciplines set up independently by universities and the list of supportive disciplines updated by the Ministry of Education.It is found that the proportion of universities in the list of double first-class construction participating in the development of interdisciplines is small and the overall discipline-integration ability of supportive disciplines of local universities is weak;the number of interdisciplines set up independently by comprehensive universities and universities of science and engineering far exceeds that by other types of universities;interdisciplines are mainly supported by applied disciplines,while the number of supportive basic disciplines is small;the number of closely related interdisciplines set up is large;while in terms of distant interdisciplines,the interdisciplinary ability of natural sciences is strong,but that of the supportive disciplines of humanities and social sciences is only for some single disciplines.Based on the findings,this paper concludes that at present,the key to the development of interdisciplines is to encourage universities to set up interdisciplines independently in accordance with the need of national and regional development;to leverage the comprehensive and potential advantages of disciplines to guarantee the quality of interdisciplines to be set up;to focus on the interdisciplinary integration of basic disciplines to broaden the field for supportive humanities and social disciplines;and to attach importance to the setting up of interdisciplines among distant-related disciplines to promote the integration of knowledge systems between disciplines.