近代昆明城市人口变动及影响探析(1840~1949)

An Analysis of the Urban Population Change and its Influence in Early Modern Kunming (1840~1949)

鸦片战争前夕,昆明城市人口数量呈增长态势,但咸同年间的战乱和自然灾害导致昆明城市人口数量锐减。受开埠通商、滇越铁路修通及抗战爆发等因素影响,昆明城市人口持续增长,移民是城市人口增长的主因,人口结构具有籍贯多样性、年龄“菱形结构”、教育“金字塔形”、性别比例失衡、职业多元性以及区域分布动态性等特征。人口数量变动形成城市社会经济发展动力与压力,健全完善城市治理体系,提升治理能力,才能更好地推动城市社会经济的发展。

On the eve of the Opium War, the urban population of Kunming showed an increasing trend, but the wars and natural disasters during the Xianfeng-Tongzhi period led to a sharp population decrease.Under the impacts of the opening of commercial ports, the accomplishment of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Invasion, the urban population of Kunming grew continuously.Immigration was the main cause of the population increase.The population structure was characterized by the diversity of the birthplaces of their fathers, the “rhombus-shaped structure” of age, the “pyramid-shaped structure” of education, the imbalance of the gender ratio, the diversity of occupations and the dynamic regional distribution.Population changes will produce the impetus and pressure of urban socio-economic development.Only by strengthening and perfecting the urban governance system and enhancing the governance capacity can we better promote the urban socio-economic development.