新安医家江之兰生平考及其医学理论探析

An Exploration of the Biography of Xin'an Physician JIANG Zhilan and His Medical Theory

江之兰,字含徵,号香雪斋主人,清代安徽省徽州府歙县人,约为清初顺治、康熙年间人。江氏生平在古今史志书目中多有载录,是歙县名医。江氏好读博洽,其医学造诣主要来自于“久病成医”,亦好交游,眼界开阔,思路通达。其生前著述颇丰,《医津一筏》为医学代表作,另有《文房约》《香雪斋乐事》《淡薄歌》《前鱼厉禁》《狼山率笔》等多部非医学著作。江氏医学理论可概括为5个方面:(1)善于发挥医经理论,长于医理研究,重视“反治”法,常有出奇制胜之治。(2)对失眠、失血、咳嗽、痰火等病症的病因病机有深刻认识,在多种病因病机中又能明辨标本虚实。(3)熟谙药性,在“方者,仿也”这一思想指导下,主张“中病即止”和“勿药为上”。(4)对疾病发病、病势与转归预后的病理过程均有独特见解,强调在临证中必须首先明确疾病的可治与不可治。(5)注重养生调摄,认为养生和却病一体,提倡甘肥之味要淡煮,蔬菜可加盐、豆豉以增其味。

This paper introduces the life course and medical theory of Xin'an physician JIANG Zhilan.JIANG Zhilan,whose courtesy name is Hanzheng,owner of Xiangxuezhai,is a native of She County,Huizhou Prefecture,which is about Shunzhi and Kangxi period in the early Qing Dynasty.JIANG's life is recorded in ancient and modern history books,which is a famous local doctor in She County.JIANG likes reading,his medical attainments mainly come from"long illness",and he also has good communication,broad vision and open mind.JIANG's preliminaries are abundant,Yi Jin Yi Fa is his medical representative,and there are Wen Fang Yue,Xiangxuezhai Le Shi,Danbo Ge,Qian Yu Jin Li,Lang Shan Shuai Bi and many other non-medical masterpieces.JIANG's medical theory can be summarized into five aspects.First,JIANG is good at giving full play to the theory of medical classics,expert in medical theory research,attaches great importance to the"anti-treatment"method,and often has wonders.Second,he has a profound understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of insomnia,blood loss,cough,phlegm and fire,he can also distinguish between false and true specimens in a variety of etiologies and pathogenesis.Third,he is familiar with medicinal properties,under the guidance of the idea of"prescriptions mean imitations",he advocates that"stop when the disease gets better"and"best without medication".Forth,he has unique insights into the pathological process of disease onset,progression and prognosis,and he emphasizes that the curable and incurable diseases must be clearly defined at first in the clinical diagnosis.Fifth,he pays attention to health care and thinks that health care and disease are integrated,and he recommends the taste of sweet and fat must be boiled lightly,vegetables can be salted,soy sauce to enhance their flavor.