中国农业社会化服务体系构建的政策演化与发展趋势

Policy Evolution and Development Trend of the Construction of Agricultural Socialized Service System in China

改革开放以来,随着农村基本经营制度的稳定发展、巩固提升和创新完善,中国农业社会化服务的战略地位发生了一系列重要转变。中国农业社会化服务体系的构成维度也随之呈现出了不同的政策演变特征:服务内容由全产业链向生产性服务聚焦;服务主体由村集体向多元市场主体拓展;服务对象由各类经营主体向小农户倾斜;服务形式由多样化向农业生产托管集中。基于中国农业社会化服务的发展历程和农业现代化的实践经验,结合农业全面转型升级和乡村全面振兴的要求,“十四五”时期中国农业社会化服务体系构建将在服务内容、服务主体、服务对象和服务形式等方面呈现出高质量发展趋势。为此,决策部门要充分领会和把握中国农村基本经营制度的内涵要义,不断强化对农业社会化服务的重要性及其典型案例的宣传、推广和学习,进一步厘清政府和市场在社会化服务中的角色分工。

Since the reform and opening-up, a series of important changes have taken place in the strategic position of agricultural socialized services in China with the steady development, consolidation, promotion, innovation and improvement of the rural basic management system.At the same time, four elements of agricultural socialized service system also show different features in policy evolution: service content has evolved from covering the entire industrial chain into focusing on productive services;service subject has evolved from village collective into diversified market entities;service object has evolved from kinds of management entities into small farmer;form of service has evolved from diversified service model into production trusteeship.Based on the development process of agricultural socialized service and practical experience of agricultural modernization in China, combining the requirements of the comprehensive transformation and upgrading of agriculture and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, during the 14 th Five-year Plan period, the construction of agricultural socialized service system in China will present the trend of high-quality development on service content, service subject, service object and form of service.For this, the decision-making departments should fully understand and grasp the connotation of rural basic management system in China, continually strengthen the publicity, promotion and learning of the importance of socialized agricultural service and its typical cases, further clarify the division of roles of the government and the market in socialized services.