甘氨酸合成方法研究进展

Progresses in Synthesis of Glycine

甘氨酸是重要的精细化学品,广泛用于食品、医药、农药以及饲料等方面。目前,国内主要采用以乌洛托品为催化剂,以氯乙酸和氨为原料的氨解工艺合成氨基乙酸,但该工艺存在生产成本高、产品纯度较低、副产物多、环境污染重、催化剂耗量高等不足。施特雷克法及其改进工艺由于采用氰化钠或氢氰酸这些具有高毒性化合物为原料,虽然产品质量较好,易精制,并且在工业上可以大规模生产,但给安全生产和管理带来极大困难,因此难以推广应用。羟基乙腈工艺具有工艺流程长、工艺技术要求较高、反应副产物氯化钠等无机盐与产物难分离、产品不易精制、母液难回收再利用、生产成本较高等不足,也难以规模化生产。直接海因法及生物法具有流程短、产物收率高、产品品质高、工艺过程绿色环保等优点,是甘氨酸合成工艺发展的方向。

Glycine,as a kind of important fine chemicals,is widely used in food,medicine,pesticide and feed.At present,the aminolysis process with urotropine as the catalyst and chloroacetic acid and ammonia as the raw materials is mainly used in China to synthesize amino acetic acid.However,this process has some disadvantages such as high production cost,low product purity,more by-products,heavy environmental pollution and high catalyst consumption.Strecker method and its improved process are difficult to popularize because they use sodium cyanide or hydrocyanic acid,which are highly toxic compounds,as the raw materials.Great difficulties have been brought to safe production and management although the products are good in quality and easy to refine and industrial mass production is possible.Hydroxy acetonitrile process is difficult to apply in large-scale production due to its long process flow,high technical requirements,difficult separation of sodium chloride by-product and other inorganic salts from products,difficult refining of products,difficult recycling of mother liquor and high production cost.Direct Hydantoin method and biological method,with the advantages of short process flow,high product yield,high product quality and green process,are the development direction of glycine synthesis technology.