2018-2021年乌鲁木齐市水磨河(古牧地河、老龙河)截污治污及水质状况变化趋势分析

Quality Status of Shuimo River(Gumudi River and Laolong River)in Urumqi from 2018 to 2021

乌鲁木齐市自2018年开展了水磨河(古牧地河、老龙河)截污治污工作,水质监测结果显示上游米泉桥和三个庄断面自2020年3季度已消除了劣Ⅴ类,特别是2021年上游污水厂尾水通过退水管渠分离后,河道水质基本稳定在IV类及以上。水磨河(古牧地河、老龙河)中、下游河段沿线存在生活和污水厂尾水进入,致使中、下游各断面水质基本保持在劣Ⅴ类。水质沿程污染指数升高,米泉桥<三个庄<卧龙岗南闸门<黄家梁水库截水闸断面,但各断面水质综合污染指数基本均呈逐年逐季下降趋势。根据各断面水质指标污染负荷比例分布,将占比最高的营养盐及有机污染指标和理化与无机阴离子指标氟化物及断面整体采用“指标平均浓度/水体平均综合污染指数变化”法进行劣于IV类水质在同一污染级别内两时段水质污染程度的变化趋势分析,与2018年基准年相比,2021年水磨河(古牧地河、老龙河)各断面污染程度总体均呈显著减轻,各断面的营养盐及有机污染指标的污染程度均显著减轻,理化与无机阴离子指标氟化物污染程度均明显减轻。由此可见,通过加大环保经济投入、落实河(湖)长制、加强河流水域岸线管理、开展污水处理厂提标改造、建设退水管渠工程等一系列整改措施统筹推进污染治理后,水磨河(古牧地河、老龙河)截污治污成效显著。

Urumqi City has carried out the pollution control work of Shuimo River(Gumudi River and Laolong River)since 2018.The water quality monitoring results showed that the upstream Miquanqiao and Sanzhuang sections have eliminated the inferior level V in the third quarter of 2020,especially in 2021,after the tail water of the upstream sewage plant was separated through the backwater pipeline.The water quality of the river was basically stable at Class IV and above.In the middle and lower reaches of Shuimo River(Gumudi River and Laolong River),there are domestic and sewage plant tail water entering,so that the water quality of each section in the middle and lower reaches was basically maintained at the inferior level V.The water quality pollution index has been rising along the way following the order of Miquanqiao<Sanzhuang<Wollongong South Gate<Huangjialiang Reservoir interception gate,but the comprehensive water pollution index of each section basically showed a downward trend year by year and quarter by quarter.According to the proportion distribution of water quality index pollution load in each section,the nutrient salt and organic pollution index with the highest proportion and the physicochemical and inorganic anion index fluoride and the whole section were analyzed by the method of"average concentration of index/average comprehensive pollution index change of water body".The change trend of water pollution degree of similar water quality in two periods within the same pollution level was analyzed.Compared with the base year of 2018,the pollution degree of each section of Shuimo River(Gumudi River and Laolong River)was significantly reduced in 2021.The pollution levels of nutrient salts and organic pollution indicators of the section were significantly reduced,and the fluoride pollution levels of physical and chemical indicators and inorganic anions were significantly reduced.It can be seen that after a series of rectification measures such as increasing environmental protection economic investment,implementing the river(lake)long system,strengthening the management of river waters,carrying out the upgrading and renovation of sewage treatment plants,and constructing drainage pipeline projects,the pollution control has been comprehensively promoted.The Shuimo River(Gumudi River,Laolong River)has achieved remarkable results in pollution control.