蝴蝶兰属间杂交育种研究进展

Research progress on the intergeneric hybridization breeding of Phalaenopsis spp.

为了更有效地克服蝴蝶兰属间杂交障碍,提高属间杂交成功率,从蝴蝶兰近缘属种质资源、属间杂交育种情况、属间杂交存在的问题和克服属间杂交障碍的方法等方面进行了阐述,并在此基础上对蝴蝶兰属间杂交的发展进行了展望。结果表明:1)与蝴蝶兰属间杂交成功的近缘属种质资源主要有21个;2)蝴蝶兰属间杂交组合最早于1931-01-01在英国皇家园艺学会(RHS)上正式注册登录,截至2020-12-31,在RHS上登录成功的蝴蝶兰属间杂交组合共有546个;3)从研究报道可知,蝴蝶兰与近缘属的杂交效率不高,属间杂交成功率在2.78%~12.50%,且主要以蝴蝶兰杂交种为主要亲本;4)通过扩大蝴蝶兰亲本杂交范围、重复授粉、正反杂交和胚拯救等手段能有效克服属间杂交不亲和性。因此,开展蝴蝶兰属间杂交能够为蝴蝶兰育种提供一些新的思路和方向。

In order to overcome the barrier of intergeneric hybridization more effectively and improve the success rate of intergeneric hybridization,a comprehensive review on the germplasm resources of related genera,the situation of intergeneric hybridization breeding,the problems of intergeneric hybridization,the measures to overcome the obstacles of intergeneric hybridization,etc.is presented in this study.On this basis,the development trend of Phalaenopsis intergeneric hybridization is prospected.The results show that:1)There are 21germplasm resources of the related genera successfully intergeneric hybridization with Phalaenopsis;2)The intergeneric cross combination is first registered on the Royal Horticultural Society in the United Kingdom on January 1,1931,and a total of 546intergeneric cross combinations are registered on RHS as of December 31,2020;3)According to the reports,the efficiency of hybridization between Phalaenopsis and its relative genera is not high,the success rate of intergeneric hybridization is between 2.78% and 12.50%,and the main parents are the Phalaenopsis hybrids.Due to the complicated genetic background of phalaenopsis hybrids,sterile seeds are often produced in the hybridization,which shows the incompatibility barrier of hybridization;4)The intergeneric incompatibility of Phalaenopsis can be effectively overcome by expanding the range of parent,repeated pollination,positive and negative hybridization,embryo rescue and so on.Therefore,the intergeneric hybridization of Phalaenopsis can provide some new ideas and direction for Phalaenopsis breeding.