2种植物源有机肥对林下有机三七生长及品质的影响

Effects of two kinds of plant-derived organic fertilizers on the growth and quality of organic Panax notoginseng under forest

为解决林下土壤养分不均衡的问题,采用2种纯植物源材料生产的有机肥对在松树林下有机种植的二年生药用植物三七[Panax notoginseng (Burkill)F.H.Chen]开展有机肥施用对其生长与品质影响的研究,明确适合林下三七生长的有机肥施肥方法和用量。通过1年大田试验,探究2种有机肥对三七生长、皂苷含量、三七产量和土壤化学性质的影响,评价2种有机肥的使用效果。结果表明:1)以基肥加追肥的方式施用广州植物源腐熟有机肥30 000kg/hm^(2)导致存苗率显著下降;2)广州植物源腐熟有机肥更有利于林下三七叶绿素的合成和根部干物质的累积;3)2种有机肥均能显著提高林下土壤中有机质和速效钾的质量分数,提升林下三七的产量和品质,其中,以广州植物源腐熟有机肥施用基肥3 750kg/hm^(2)加追肥3 750kg/hm^(2)产量最高,较对照提高54.38%,皂苷含量增加39.88%。综上,2种有机肥均能显著改善土壤营养状况,提升林下三七的产量和品质,以广州植物源腐熟有机肥施用基肥3 750kg/hm^(2)加追肥3 750kg/hm^(2)施肥方式最佳。

In order to solve the problem of unbalanced soil nutrients in the forest,this study used two kinds of organic fertilizer produced from pure plant source materials to carry out organic fertilizer application on the biennial medicinal plant[Panax notoginseng(Burkill)F.H.Chen]organically grown under the pine forest.The effect of these two kinds of organic fertilizer on the growth and quality of P.notoginseng was investigated,and the application method and application rate of organic fertilizer suitable for the growth of P.notoginseng under the forest were clarified.Through a one-year field experiment,the effects of the two kinds of organic fertilizers on the growth,saponin content,yield and soil chemical properties of P.notoginseng were explored,and the application effects of the two kinds of organic fertilizers were evaluated.The results showed that:1)The application of 30 000kg/hm^(2) Guangzhou plant-derived decomposed organic fertilizer in the way of base fertilizer and top dressing resulted in a significant decrease in seedling survival rate.2)The Guangzhou plant-derived decomposed organic fertilizer was more conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll of P.notoginseng under forest and the accumulation of dry matter in roots.3)Both organic fertilizers significantly increased the mass fraction of organic matter and available potassium in the understory soil,and improved the yield and quality of P.notoginseng under the forest.Among them,application of 3 750kg/hm^(2) of base fertilizer and 3 750kg/hm^(2) of top-dressing fertilizer Guangzhou plant-derived decomposed organic fertilizer obtained the highest yield,which was 54.38% higher than the control,and the saponin content increased by 39.88%.In conclusion,both kinds of organic fertilizers can significantly improve the soil nutritional status and increase the yield and quality of P.notoginseng under the forest.The best fertilization method is 3 750kg/hm^(2) of base fertilizer and 3 750kg/hm^(2) of topdressing fertilizer.