甬优籼粳杂交稻植株钾素积累与分配特征及利用效率研究

Analysis on potassium accumulation, distribution and utilization efficiency of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids

以籼粳杂交稻甬优2640和甬优1640为试材,以常规粳稻扬粳4038和扬粳4227、杂交籼稻新两优6380和扬两优6号为对照,研究籼粳杂交稻移栽后植株钾素积累特征,比较不同类型品种移栽后植株钾素吸收利用特征差异。结果表明:籼粳杂交稻2年平均产量显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。拔节、抽穗和成熟期植株钾素积累量籼粳杂交稻亦高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。籼粳杂交稻成熟期植株钾素吸收量显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻钾素籽粒生产效率较高,而百千克籽粒吸钾量则较低。籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻移栽后植株钾素积累动态均以Gompertz方程拟合较好。籼粳杂交稻和杂交籼稻平均最大钾素积累速率接近,高于常规粳稻。籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻、杂交籼稻达到最大钾素积累速率的时间分别在移栽后40~41、41~42、39~41 d。籼粳杂交稻在渐增期、快增期和缓增期的植株钾素积累量较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高5.4%和10.8%、4.3%和13.8%、5.5%和24.6%,差异显著。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,甬优籼粳杂交稻产量和钾素利用效率均较高;甬优籼粳杂交稻成熟期植株钾素积累量大,在渐增期、快增期和缓增期的钾素积累均具有优势,其在渐增期和缓增期植株较高的钾素积累量主要缘于其较高的钾素积累速率。

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of potassium accumulation after transplanting of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids(JIH) based on modeling methods, and to understand the mechanism for high-yielding formation of JIH. In this study, theYongyou japonica/indica hybrids Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 1640 were used as the test materials, and the japonica conventional rice(JC) cultivar Yangjing 4038 and Yangjing 4227, and indica hybrid rice(IH) Xinliangyou 6380 and Yangliangyou 6 were used as controls to study potassium accumulation characteristics after transplanting of JIH,and compare the differences in potassium accumulation and utilization characteristics after transplanting among different rice types.The average grain yield of JIH across two years was significantly higher than that of JC and IH.JIH also showed higher potassium at jointing,heading,and maturity stages than JC and IH.The total potassium accumulation at maturity of JIH was significantly higher than that of JC and IH.Compared with JC and IH,JIH had higher potassium grain productivity,while potassium uptake per 100kg grains was lower.Gompertz equation was used to simulate potassium accumulation after transplanting of JIH,JC,and was IH.JIH had similar maximum potassium accumulation rate with IH,and higher than that of JC.The time for maximum potassium accumulation rate of JIH was observed at 40-41dafter transplanting,41-42dafter transplanting for JC,and 39-41dfor IH.JIH had 5.4% and10.8%,4.3% and 13.8%,and 5.5% and 24.6% higher potassium accumulation in the early,middle and late stages than JC and IH,respectively.The higher potassium accumulation in the early and late stages of JIH over JC and IH were mainly attributed to its higher potassium accumulation rate in such stages.Our results suggested that JIH had higher grain yield potassium-use efficiency.Compared with JC and IH,JIH had higher total potassium accumulation,as well as potassium accumulation in the early,middle and late stages.