适于方舱医院的会展建筑平疫结合设计研究

Research on the Normality and Epidemic Combined Design of Convention and Exhibition Buildings Towards Fangcang Hospital

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生后,作为方舱医院使用的会展建筑为控制疫情起到了关键作用,同时也凸显出会展建筑在应急防疫过程中的诸多不适。平疫结合设计理念的引入为会展建筑的创新设计提供了不同的思考角度。通过提取会展建筑与方舱医院的空间原型,探寻两者的结合点,构建会展建筑的平疫结合空间模式与运行模式。在此基础上对两者的使用人群与行为模式、功能特征、空间组合模式进行分析,发现存在的矛盾冲突。继而从场地、功能、流线、空间与建筑设备五个方面提出便于快速、灵活转换功能的平疫结合设计策略。以期进一步促进会展建筑“平”与“疫”两种状态的协同,提升突发公共卫生事件下会展建筑的应急处置能力。

After the outbreak of COVID-19,the convention and exhibition buildings used as Fangcang hospitals not only played a key role in controlling the epidemic,but also presented some disadvantages in emergency epidemic prevention.Based on the needs of Fangcang hospitals under the current COVID-19 epidemic,the normality and epidemic combined design of convention and exhibition buildings was studied,and some relevant design strategies for the fast and flexible conversion of functions were proposed.This study is expected to further promote the coordination of"normality"and"epidemic"in convention and exhibition buildings and improve the speed of emergency response during public health emergencies.Firstly,a field survey on the current state of convention and exhibition buildings which were reconstructed into Fangcang hospitals in China was carried out.According to survey results,certain problems were associated with the use of convention and exhibition buildings as Fangcang hospitals,such as disordered functional lines,insufficient quarantine measures,risks of cross-infection among patients,and so on.Based on problems with the"normality"and"epidemic"combined operation of buildings as well as characteristics of epidemic emergencies,this draws attention to the urgency and necessity of establishing a"normality"and"epidemic"combined design for convention and exhibition buildings.Secondly,the correlation and contradiction between convention and exhibition buildings and Fangcang hospitals were recognized by analyzing the behavioral modes of users,the composition of basic functional units,and spatial combination modes.Users of convention and exhibition buildings are characterized by mobility and short-term stays,and their behavioral activities emphasize language,visuals,and streamlined communication among people.Users of Fangcang hospitals are relatively fixed and associated with longterm stays,and their behavioral activities emphasize keeping a safe distance between people to prevent cross-infection.Due to great differences in operating states between convention and exhibition buildings and Fangcang hospitals,the"normality"and"epidemic"combined design shall meet and coordinate usage requirements between the two states simultaneously.Finally,a"normality"and"epidemic"combined design strategy was proposed based on the five aspects of site,function,streamline,space,and building equipment.The comprehensive exhibition hall project of the Yangling International Convention and Exhibition Center was taken as an example.(1)For site design,the site selection should take epidemic prevention into account to expand outdoor spaces and prepare the epidemic prevention sites.(2)For function design,elastic design should be used at the hall entrance;there should be combined use of exhibition walls and nursing unit partition walls;functional spaces should be reserved and distributed flexibly;room for expansion should be made for washrooms and dustbin rooms;and a flexible arrangement of functional modules of Fangcang hospitals should be used.(3)For a streamlined design,streamlining should be organized by combining normality and epidemic situations,guiding visitors,and strictly dividing streams for medical staff and patients.(4)In term of space design,expanding the gray spaces under eaves at the entrance,the use of highefficiency space partition unit modules,and improvement of the humanized design of indoor spaces are suggested.(5)With respect to building equipments,it is recommended that the reliability of building equipment be improved,effective regional ventilation and air purification be ensured,regional water supply and sewage treatment be offered,strong and weak electric interfaces be preserved,and the intelligent design of convention and exhibition buildings be improved.The proposed design strategy can effectively improve the emergency response ability of convention and exhibition buildings during public health emergencies and promote the fast response of the Fangcang hospital reconstruction scheme during the outbreak of epidemics.At present,there is a new tide of construction work on convention and exhibition buildings in the post-epidemic era.It is expected that this will innovate on exhibition modes and functions,as well as realize exhibition-city integration and full-time utilization through"normality"and"epidemic"combined design.