亲自然建筑设计及其健康效益的知识图谱分析

Knowledge Mapping Analysis of Biophilic Architecture Design and Its Health Benefits Research

梳理亲自然设计(biophilic design)理论发展,分析亲自然建筑设计及其健康效益的研究进展,为基于亲自然视角的健康建筑设计及理论研究提供借鉴。借助Web of Science数据库和CiteSpace知识图谱分析软件,并深入剖析近几年研究成果,分析文献特征、理论基础、热点趋势等。发现亲自然设计研究是一个较为新兴、研究趋势递增、多学科交叉的领域方向,亲自然健康效益和亲自然环境设计两者相结合,正在成为亲自然设计研究领域的热点趋势。随着地球气候问题、社会城市化问题、人类身心健康问题的凸显和交织变化,亲自然设计研究可能成为解决众多重大问题的突破口和新思路。

This study is to review the evolutionary history and disclose internal evolutionary laws of biophilic design research,thus providing basic references and directional guidance to healthy space environmental design.Moreover,it tracks the leading areas of academic interest and analyzes the progress of research on biophilic architectural design and its health benefits,which can act as a reference in healthy architectural design based on biophilic perspective and relevant theoretical studies.With references to the Web of Science database and CiteSpace knowledge mapping analysis software,research achievements in recent years as well as literature characteristics,theoretical basis,and research trends are analyzed thoroughly.It concludes that biophilic design research has achieved progresses in the following three areas:1)Characteristics of the literature in biophilic design were analyzed according to publication year and research direction.It was found that the amount of literature published increased each year and contents included various research directions,including biological environmental science,architectural science,and urban studies.2)The theoretical development of biophilic design was analyzed according to co-cited authors and co-cited literature.It was found that the biophilia proposed by Wilson,the biophilic hypothesis proposed by Kellert and Wilson,the biophilic design proposed by Kellert,the stress theory proposed by Ulrich,and the attention restoration theory proposed by Kaplan formed the theoretical basis of the field of biophilic research.The 70 biophilic design attributes proposed Kellert,14 biophilic design patterns proposed by Browning,and biophilic cities proposed by Beatley form the framework of biophilic design applications.3)Hotspots in biophilic design research were recognized through keywords and cluster analysis.Furthermore,research focused on biophilic architectural design and its health benefits,thus generating four research hotspots and trends:(1)The biophilic design research objects tend to be specific,from the overall environmental design to the design of a specific building type(e.g.,residential buildings,office buildings,school buildings,and hospital buildings),from influences of the overall environment to influences of a specific design element(e.g.,regional climatic factors,individual cultural background,green coverage,window view,fractal design,and interior materials).(2)The influencing mechanism of biophilic design tends to be explicit,including recovery from negative emotions to positive emotions(biophilic design based on natural connections and environmental establishment based on mindfulness perception),and from physical environmental reconstruction to the promotion of environmental awareness.(3)The biophilic design philosophy and method tend to be perfect(coordination between biophilic urban design and biodiversity planning,system perfection based on green building grading tools,and review of biophilic design framework for different environments).(4)The environmental experience experimental methods of biophilic design tend to be diversified(e.g.,immersive virtual environmental experiences and multi-sensory environmental experiences).Based on the above analysis,the following major conclusions could be drawn:1)Biophilic design research is a new field with a trend of increasing research and multi-disciplinary intersections.2)Research on the health benefits of biophilic design and research on biophilic environmental design are often combined,which is becoming the mainstream in the field of biophilic design research.3)Due to climate change,problems of social urbanization and human physical and psychological problems are becoming prominent and changing under mutual influences;as such,biophilic design research might provide breakthroughs and generate new ideas to solve many major problems.