居住建筑自适应表皮设计方法

Adaptive Facade Design Method for Residential Buildings

当今城市面临气候变化、人居环境与资源供给等诸多方面的严峻挑战,作为一种量大面广的建筑类型,居住建筑环境性能及能耗表现与人居环境质量、城市可持续发展息息相关。通过对城市居住建筑类型进行自适应表皮设计,来缓解城市资源危机、提升建成环境质量。结合自适应表皮3种特性,得出3种构成要素、2大构成系统;揭示了居住建筑自适应表皮的多要素协同设计关联机制,借助性能模拟工具、实测数据验证,构建了整合模拟与预测的居住建筑自适应表皮多目标择优方法;结果显示居住建筑自适应表皮可以有效提升室内光热环境舒适度,资源产出方面,满足每户全年6.6%~15.7%用电需求以及11.4%~15.5%蔬菜需求,展现了可观的环境、资源以及社会效益。

Half of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2050,and as such,many cities face severe challenges relating to human settlement environments and resource supply.At the same time,global climate change has exacerbated the systemic risks of cities and their vulnerability to disasters.As the type of building with a large number and encompassing a large area,the environmental performance and energy consumption performance of urban residential buildings are closely related to human settlement quality and urban sustainable development.A small step in the"additive-incremental thinking"design of urban residential buildings is a big step in realizing urban renewal,national strategies of energy conservation and emission reduction,and the goal of"Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality".Urban residential buildings can meet climate and environmental requirements based on the performance of an adaptive facade.At the same time,the adaptive facade transforms the unfavorable factors of the residential building facade into favorable conditions and provides a feasible solution for alleviating the urban environment and resource crisis.Discussing the adaptive facade design method for urban residential buildings within the context of"Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality"is an important measure to build a high-quality urban settlement environment,realize the energy transition of sustainable buildings,promote innovative developments in the building field,and achieve the goal of urban renewal goal as quickly as possible.With considerations to residential buildings in cities in China and surrounding areas(with a primary focuses on high-rise residential buildings in tropical regions),three general characteristics of the adaptive facade were interpreted as three specific characteristics,and three components were screened by combining the existing design techniques.A multi-element collaborative design coupling mechanism for the adaptive facade of urban residential buildings in tropical cities was disclosed.Moreover,a multiobjective design and optimization method for adaptive facades of urban residential buildings in tropical areas was constructed with the assistance of performance simulation tools,measurement data verification,and predictive analysis technology.Firstly,three characteristics of the adaptive facade of urban residential buildings were determined:dynamic control,resource output,and user intervention.Two constituent systems were screened,including dynamic photovoltaic shading systems and building facade planting systems.Feasibility analysis,influencing factors,and technological strategy discussion around the constituent systems were carried out.Moreover,a multi-element collaborative design process for urban residential building adaptive facades was established.Next,a quantitative analysis on the performances of 12 residential cases for 1 typical living module and 2 typical construction planning layouts was conducted.According to the overall design strategy,prototypes of dynamic photovoltaic shading systems and building facade planting systems were designed according to the usage behavioral modes of users,and a design prototype library involving 142 samples was constructed.Subsequently,a computation model was built based on the association model and measurement data verification to calculate evaluation indexes.A multiobjective design optimization method of adaptive facade design prototypes was built based on the two-step optimization process,including dynamic angle optimization and design prototype optimization.The optimal design prototype of adaptive facades was screened for 12 living cases.During dynamic angle optimization(Step 1),the optimal angle of each design prototype at each simulation moment was acquired,which was used to obtain results for the 3 evaluation indexes of each design prototype.In Step 2,the optimal design prototypes of adaptive facades for the living cases were screened according to the results of evaluation indexes.Finally,basic conditions of design platforms were set and design prototypes were built for 12 facade positions according to climatic characteristics in Haikou.Through multiple rounds of platform operation,the performance index data comparison and optimal design prototype of adaptive facades were acquired.The results show that the adaptive facade of residential buildings can effectively improve the comfort of the indoor light and heat environment,and meet 6.6-15.7%of the annual electricity demand and 11.4-15.5%of the vegetable demand of each household.It shows considerable environmental,resource,and social benefits.