论“中国学派”动画电影中戏曲元素的运用

On the Use of Opera Elements in the"Chinese School"Animated Film

从1955年动画电影《骄傲的将军》成为“中国学派”的创举之作,到1964年标志着“中国学派”成熟的作品《大闹天宫》问世,到1983年的《天书奇谭》,再到2016年的《大鱼海棠》、2019年的《哪吒之魔童降世》等,中国动画电影以极具民族化的表现方式成就了“中国动画学派”的辉煌。这种民族化的表现方式最显著的特点就是戏曲元素的运用,通过借鉴戏曲的程式化、虚拟性、节奏感等形式化特征以及脸谱、打击乐和念白等元素,形成了“中国学派”动画电影的民族化风格。

The Chinese animated film have achieved the brilliance of the"Chinese Animation School"with national expression,which is reflected by the films such as the 1955 animated film The Proud General being the pioneering work of the"Chinese School",the 1964 Havoc in Heaven marking the maturity of the"Chinese School",The Legend of Sealed Book in 1983,Big Fish&Begonia in 2016,and Ne Zha in 2019.The most notable feature of this national expression is the use of opera elements.The nation⁃al style of the"Chinese School"animated film consists of drawing on the facial makeup,percussion and chanting of Chinese operas.