近代中国保险业百余年历史特征的考察

A Survey of the Historical Characteristics of Modern Chinese Insurance Industry During the Past Over One Hundered Years

在半殖民地半封建的社会环境下,近代中国保险业呈现出地位的从属性、内部结构的失衡性和发展历程的曲折性三种非正常的特征。近代中国保险业是资本主义经济扩张的产物,以英国为首的西方保险业控制和垄断近代中国保险市场长达一百四十多年,造成近代中国保费大量流失。中国保险业被置于西方保险业的从属地位,这是近代中国保险业的第一个重要特征。受此影响,近代中国保险市场的主体结构、保险供给、中介市场和监管体系呈现出畸形状态,内部结构的失衡性系近代中国保险业的第二个重要特征。必须指出的是,近代中国保险业也曾力图摆脱资本主义的发展逻辑,扭转其在世界历史进程中的被动地位。然而,近代中国政治架构和社会结构长期处于多方博弈的不稳定的环境中,致使华商保险业错失三次发展机遇,终未从根本上摆脱结构性发展困境,其发展历程的曲折性是近代中国保险业的第三个重要特征。

In a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, modern Chinese insurance had three abnormal characteristics: status subordination, internal structure imbalance and tortuous development. Modern Chinese insurance was the product of capitalist economic expansion. the western insurance headed by the United Kingdom had controlled and monopolized the modern Chinese insurance market for more than 150 years, resulting in a large loss of modern Chinese insurance premiums. Modern Chinese insurance industry had been placed under the western insurance. This is the first characteristic of modern Chinese insurance industry. Affected by this, the main structure, insurance supply, intermediary market and supervision system of modern Chinese insurance market showed a deformed state, and the imbalance of internal structure was the second characteristic of modern Chinese insurance industry. It must be pointed out that the modern Chinese insurance had also tried hard to get rid of the development logic of capitalism and reverse its passive position in the process of world h istory. But Chinese insurance companies missed three development opportunities and never got rid of the structural development dilemma. The twists and turns of its development process is the third important feature of modern Chinese insurance industry.