马克斯·韦伯“祛魅”思想探析

An Analysis of Max Weber’s Thought of“Disenchantment”

马克斯·韦伯的“祛魅”思想是理解“现代性问题”的出发点。“祛魅”是一个复杂且漫长的过程,以理性化为根本内核,其为世界带来了进步,但也产生了信仰与价值的危机,主要包括:“诸神之争”下的价值多元困境、工具理性铸就的资本主义铁笼、官僚制导致的政治信仰缺失。韦伯希望通过“天职”的选择,结合两种合理性并发挥政治领袖的正向作用以解决“祛魅”后产生的危机。对“祛魅”问题的哲思凸显出韦伯思想的矛盾性,即对已逝时代怀恋的新康德主义与作为现实主义学者将现实奉为圭臬之间的对立。虽产生了一定争论,但韦伯的“祛魅”思想为我们研究西方的理性化过程与现代性危机提供了宝贵的思想资源。

Max Weber’s thought of“disenchantment”is the starting point of understanding the problem of modernity.“Disenchantment”is a complex and long process,with rationalization as the fundamental core.It has brought progress to the world,but it has also produced a crisis of belief and value,including the dilemma of multiple values under the“struggle between Gods”,“the iron cage of capitalism”made by instrumental rationality and the lack of political belief caused by bureaucracy.Weber hopes to solve the crisis after“disenchantment”through the choice of“calling”,the combination of two kinds of rationality and the positive role of political leaders.The philosophical thinking on“disenchantment”highlights the contradiction of Weber’s thought,that is,the opposition between the neo-Kantianism of caring for the past and the Realism scholars’regard of reality as criterion.Although there have been some debates,Weber’s thought of“disenchantment”provides us with valuable ideological resources to study the process of rationalization and the crisis of modernity in the West.