利用黄磷渣改性制备云贵川地区水稻专用肥

Preparation of rice special fertilizer in Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan area by modification of yellow phosphorus residue

黄磷渣是电炉法生产黄磷产生的副产物,年排放量达到数百万吨,主要成分为氧化钙和二氧化硅。针对黄磷渣堆存量大、利用价值低等问题,通过在源头添加作物所需的营养元素助剂,在保证黄磷生产磷高效逸出的同时,实现炉渣中硅、钙的协同活化,进一步生产水稻专用肥,实现黄磷渣的高值化利用。改性黄磷渣的元素分析、X射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电镜(SEM)表征结果表明:添加作物所需营养元素助剂的黄磷在1450℃熔融60 min,磷逸出率达到95.56%,黄磷渣中有效二氧化硅质量分数为36.45%、有效氧化钙质量分数为47.46%,渣系呈良好的玻璃相结构,有利于释放活性营养元素,且源头添加的微量元素助剂保留在渣相中。根据云贵川水稻营养需肥规律及大中微量元素的协同增效配伍作用,以改性黄磷渣为主要中量元素原料,设计了水稻专用肥16N-10P_(2)O_(5)-14K_(2)O+7SiO_(2)+10CaO+0.45Zn产品。水稻专用肥元素分析结果表明:氮有效性为99%、五氧化二磷有效性为98.81%、氧化钾有效性为99.15%、二氧化硅有效性为93.88%、氧化钙有效性为88.53%、锌有效性为97.78%。

Yellow phosphorus slag is a by‑product of yellow phosphorus production by electric furnace,and its annual emissions is amount to millions of tons.Its main components are CaO and SiO_(2).Aiming at the problems of large stock of yellow phosphorus slag and low current utilization value,nutrient element auxiliaries needed by crops were added at the source to ensure efficient escape of yellow phosphorus production and realize cooperative activation of silicon and calcium in furnace slag,so as to further produce special fertilizer for rice and realize high value utilization of yellow phosphorus slag.The elemental analysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of modified yellow phosphorus slag showed that the yellow phosphorus added with the nutrient additives needed by crops was melted at 1450℃ for 60 min,and the phosphorus escape rate reached 95.56%.The effective SiO_(2) content in the yellow phosphorus slag was 36.45%,and the effective CaO content was 47.46%.The slag system showed good glass phase structure,which was conducive to release active nutrients,and remain the trace element additives added from the source in the slag phase.According to the rule of nutrient fertilizer requirement of rice in Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan and the synergistic synergism and compatibility of large,medium and trace elements,a special rice fertilizer product 16N-10P_(2)O_(5)-14K_(2)O+7SiO_(2)+10CaO+0.45Zn was designed with modified yellow phosphorus residue as the main medium element raw materials.The results of element analysis showed that the effectiveness of N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O,SiO_(2),CaO and Zn was 99%,98.81%,99.15%,93.88%,88.53% and 97.78%,respectively.