云南省勐腊县2017—2021年食源性疾病暴发事件的流行特征分析

Epidemic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Mengla County,Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2021

【目的】分析云南省勐腊县食源性疾病暴发事件流行特征,为制定相应的预防控制措施提供依据。【方法】收集国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统中云南省勐腊县2017—2021年食源性疾病暴发事件资料,对事件发生的时间、人群、地区、场所、致病因素和诱发环节等情况进行统计分析。【结果】2017—2021年累计报告事件68起,发病526例,死亡5例,总罹患率为23.40%,病死率为0.95%;5—7月为发病高峰,其中7月报告事件数最多;报告地区主要为勐腊镇(35.29%)、关累镇(11.76%)和勐捧镇(10.29%);事发场所主要为家庭(76.47%);致病因素主要为植物毒素(79.41%),其中又以误食野生菌(68.52%)及四季豆(12.96%)、草乌(9.26%)加工不当为主。【结论】根据勐腊县流行病学特征,应重点做好重点地区和场所的健康知识宣传教育,特别是野生菌的鉴别,预防误食事件发生。同时,应加强食源性疾病监测和风险评估,尽早发现风险隐患,及时发布预警预报,不断提升对中毒患者的临床救治能力。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Mengla County,Yunnan Province,so as to provide basis for formulating corresponding prevention and control measures.[Methods]The data of foodborne disease outbreaks in Mengla County,Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2021 in the national"foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system"were collected.The time,population,region,place,pathogenic factors and inducing links of the events were statistically analyzed.[Results]From 2017 to 2021,a total of 68 incidents were reported,including 526 cases and 5 deaths.The total incidence rate was 23.40%and the case fatality rate was 0.95%.The peak period was from May to July,with the largest number of reported events in July.The reporting areas were mainly Mengla Town(35.29%),Guanlei Town(11.76%)and Mengpeng Town(10.29%).The main place of the incident was family(76.47%).The main pathogenic factors were plant toxins(79.41%),mainly through the ingestion of wild mushrooms(68.52%),improper processing of green beans(12.96%)and aconitum(9.26%).[Conclusion]According to the epidemiological characteristics of Mengla County,we should focus on the public education of health knowledge in key areas and places,especially on the identification of wild mushrooms,to prevent accidental eating.At the same time,we should strengthen the monitoring and risk assessment of foodborne diseases,find potential risks as soon as possible,issue early warning and forecast in time,and constantly improve the clinical treatment ability of poisoned patients.