上海市某三级综合医院护理人员职业倦怠现状及影响因素分析

Burnout prevalence and influencing factors among nurses in a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai

【目的】对上海市某三级综合医院护理人员开展调查,了解护理人员职业倦怠现状及其影响因素,为缓解三级综合医院护理人员职业倦怠、帮助医疗机构制定有效的管理机制提供参考。【方法】采用一般资料问卷和职业倦怠量表对684名护理人员开展调查。【结果】在职业倦怠3个维度中,情绪衰竭、去人格化和低个人成就感得分[M(P_(25),P_(75))]分别为25(17,33)分、5(2,9)分和30(23,37)分;重度情绪衰竭、去人格化和低个人成就感检出率分别为43.4%、24.6%和62.6%。logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、婚姻状况、岗位类型、平均每周工作时间、年收入及健康状况自我评价是情绪衰竭维度是否发生重度倦怠的影响因素(P<0.05);健康状况自我评价是去人格化维度是否发生重度倦怠的影响因素(P<0.05);聘用形式和健康状况自我评价是低个人成就感维度是否发生重度倦怠的影响因素(P<0.05)。【结论】护理人员职业倦怠检出率较高,尤其体现在情绪衰竭和低个人成就感2个维度,健康状况自我评价是护理人员职业倦怠的主要影响因素。建议及时对护理人员实施多方面、多角度的干预,以缓解职业倦怠。

[Objective]To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of job burnout among nurses in a tertiary general hospital,providing a reference for medical institutions to develop effective management for job burnout.[Methods]684 nurses were investigated with general demographic questionnaire and Maslach burnout inventory(MBI).[Results]Among the three dimensions of job burnout,the scores[median(25 percentile,75 percentile)]of emotional exhaustion(EE),depersonalization(DP)and personal achievement(PA)were 25(17,33),5(2,9),and 30(23,37),respectively.Low PA was the most common problem(62.6%),followed by EE(43.4%),and DP(24.6%).Logistic regression analysis found that age,marital status,job type,weekly working time,annual income,self-rated health were the influencing factors of severe EE(P<0.05);self-rated health was the influencing factors of severe DP(P<0.05);and employment mode,selfrated health were the influencing factors of severe PA(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The detection rate of job burnout among nurses is high,especially reflected in the EE and DP.Self-rated health is the main associated factor of job burnout.It is suggested that nurses should be intervened in a multi-faceted and multi-angle manner to alleviate job burnout.