基于文本挖掘的我国2002—2021年科研诚信政策变迁特征分析

Research integrity policy changes in China from 2002 to 2021 based on text mining

目的通过文本挖掘厘清我国科研诚信政策的变迁特征及演变规律, 为医学科研诚信治理政策制定和实施提供参考依据。方法运用COST-CM6和SPSS软件, 采用共词分析、社会语义网络和聚类分析方法, 对2002—2021年国家颁布的297份科研诚信政策文本进行数据挖掘。结果我国科研诚信政策经历了学术道德建设期(2002—2008年)、科研诚信建设期(2009—2015年)和学术环境优化期(2016—2021年)3个发展阶段, 政策数量和质量均得到快速发展, 科研诚信案件调查处理规则逐步明晰, 追责机制不断完善, 失信惩戒措施更加有力。科研诚信建设已形成以国家行政机关为主体、多部门协同治理的合力格局;科研失信事件和公众关注加速了科研诚信政策体系的完善;坚持"无禁区、全覆盖、零容忍"成为科研诚信治理的工作指南。结论应通过强化医学诚信教育、增强自律意识;完善监督机制、强化过程管理与医学成果查重;"严惩"与"善治"双管齐下等措施, 不断提升医学科研诚信治理效能。

Objective Through text mining,to clarify the change characteristics and evolution patterns of China's scientific research integrity policies,thereby providing a reference basis for the formulation and implementation of medical scientific research integrity governance policies.Methods Using cost-CM6 and SPSS software,co-word analysis,social semantic network,and cluster analysis methods,data mining was conducted on 297 national scientific research integrity policy texts from 2002 to 2021.Results China′s research integrity policies have experienced three development stages:academic ethics construction period(2002-2008),research integrity construction period(2009-2015),and academic environment optimization period(2016-2021),with the rapid development of both quantity and quality of policies,gradual clarification of rules for investigation and handling of research integrity cases,continuous improvement of accountability mechanism,and more powerful disciplinary measures for dishonesty.The construction of scientific research integrity formed a joint force pattern under the leadership of the central government and coordinated governance of multiple departments.Research misconduct incidents and public concern accelerated the improvement of the scientific research credibility policy system.Adhere to"no exclusion zone,full coverage,zero tolerance"has become the work guide of scientific research integrity governance.Conclusions It is suggested to continuously improve the effectiveness of medical research integrity governance by strengthening medical integrity education and enhancing self-discipline consciousness,improving supervision mechanisms,strengthening process management and plagiarism checking of medical achievements,and adopting a two-pronged approach of"severe punishment"and"good governance".