美国新型高超声速地面试验设施建设研究与启示

Research and inspiration from new construction of advanced hypersonic ground test facility in the United States

为了研判未来一段时间世界高超声速地面试验设施的发展趋势,介绍了美国近期建设的几座先进高超声速地面试验设施,包括陆军在德州农工大学系统布什作战发展综合体(BCDC)启动建设的弹道/气动光学/材料试验靶(BAM)、空军在阿诺德工程发展综合体(AEDC)升级改造建设的高雷诺数高超声速风洞(即9号风洞)、空军在AEDC研制改造的清洁空气变马赫数试验台和德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥校区(UTSA)新建的高超声速路德维希管风洞。梳理了这些试验设施的建设背景、试验能力、试验技术,以及开展的试验与研究工作等内容,并简要总结了这些试验设施建设的经验,提出了几点启示。

Several advanced hypersonic ground test facilities established in recent years in the United States are described to understand the development tendency of hypersonic ground test around the world in near future. It mainly includes the ballistic, aero-optics and material(BAM) facility, hypervelocity Number 9tunnel, a clean air hypersonic facility with variable Mach number test capability and a Mach 7 Ludwieg tube.BAM’s construction has been initiated in Texas A&M University Bush combat development complex(BCDC)by U. S. Army futures command. Hypervelocity Number 9 tunnel has been recently upgraded in additional Mach 18 test capability in U.S. Air Force Arnold engineering development complex(AEDC). The clean air hypersonic facility with variable Mach Number test capability is developed and renovated by AEDC. The Mach7 Ludwieg tube is newly-built by the University of Texas at San Antonio. The construction background, test capability, test technique and some recent research work for these test facilities are briefly summarized. Several experiences and inspirations from constructing and operating these facilities are also presented.