刍议传染病应急防控体系下的刑法保护——以新冠肺炎事件为中心的考察与分析

The Protection of Criminal Law under the Emergency Prevention and Control System of Infectious Diseases-Investigation and analysis of COVID-19 incident

突发新冠肺炎事件使中国传染病紧急防控体系下的刑法保护凸显出不足。刑法积极介入传染病应急防控事件具有必要性,但需秉持社会保护与人权保障之基本价值取向。立足于罪刑法定这一方向性原则,违法与犯罪相区分、罪责刑之平等适用原则应作为刑法介入传染病应急防控事件的基本立场。在突发传染病防控事件应对机制中需完善相关的刑法规定,严格把控犯罪的成立标准,亦需以全体刑事司法资源为考量,为疫情防控工作提供良好的司法保障。

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 highlights the inadequacy of criminal law protection under the emergency prevention and control system of infectious diseases in China.It is necessary for the criminal law to actively intervene in the emergency prevention and control of infectious diseases,but it should uphold the basic value orientation of social protection and human rights protection.Based on the directional principle of legal crime and punishment,the principle of the distinction between breaking the law and crime as well as the equal application of crime and punishment should be the basic position of the criminal law to intervene in the emergency prevention and control of infectious diseases.In the response mechanism for the prevention and control of emergent infectious diseases,it is necessary to improve the relevant provisions of the criminal law,strictly control the establishment of criminal standards,and to take all criminal justice resources into consideration,so as to provide a good judicial guarantee for the prevention and control of epidemic diseases.