温度及密度对大蜡螟生长繁殖的影响

The Effects of Temperature and Density on the Growthand Reproductionof Galleria Mellonella

为研究温度及密度对大蜡螟生长繁殖的影响,在相对湿度60%±10%RH条件下,设置25、30、35℃3个温度梯度,40、60、80、100、120粒(64 cm3体积内)5个卵密度梯度饲养大蜡螟.(1)25、30、35℃条件下,大蜡螟世代周期及各虫态历期均随温度升高呈减小趋势.大蜡螟幼虫体重和体长、蛹重和蛹长、雌雄蛾体重及体长均随温度升高而升高.雌蛾产卵量30℃最高,其次为35℃、25℃(P>0.05).3个温度下温度越高越有利于提高大蜡螟卵孵化率.10头大蜡螟幼虫7 d内取食人工饲料量随温度升高而增加(P>0.05).(2)25和30℃时,大蜡螟卵孵化率随密度增加先增加后减小(80粒时最高),35℃时密度40粒孵化率大于密度60(P>0.05),80粒时最高,随后依次递减.小于0.1000 g幼虫数随密度增加而增加;0.1000~0.2000 g幼虫在25℃密度60、80粒时最多,40、100、120粒时减少,30、35℃时随密度增加先增加后减少(30℃80粒时最多,35℃60粒最多);大于0.2000 g幼虫数随密度增加而减少.温度对大蜡螟的影响主要体现在取食量、体重、体长、产卵量、孵化率及历期:25~35℃条件下,温度越高,大蜡螟取食量、体重、体长、孵化率越大,历期反之;温度适中时产卵量最高.密度对大蜡螟的影响主要体现在幼虫体重及孵化率:卵密度在40~120粒(64 cm^(3)孵化瓶、饲料充足)条件下,60与80粒卵得到0.1000~0.2000 g重量段的幼虫数较多,而卵粒数为80时孵化率最高.

In order to study the effects of temperature a nd density on the growth and reproduction of Galleria mellonella, Galleria mellonella was bred under the conditions of relative humidity 60 % ± 10 % RH, three temperature gradients of 25, 30 and 35 ℃, and five egg-density gradients of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120( within 64 cm^(3) volume).( 1) Under the conditions of 25, 30, and 35 ℃, the generation cycle and the duration of each insect stage of Galleria mellonella showed a decreasing trend with the increase of temperature. The body weight and length of larval, pupal and male and female moths increased with the increase of temp erature. The egg-production amount of female moths was highest at 30 ℃, followed by 35 ℃ and 25 ℃(P>0.05);and the higher the temperature was at the three temperatures, the more conducive it was to improve the hatching rate of Galleria mello nella. The food intake of 10 larvae within 7 days increased with increasing temperature( P>0. 05).( 2) At 25 and 30 ℃,the hatching rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of density( maximum at 80 eggs). At 35 ℃, the hatching rate of 40 eggs was higher than 60 eggs( P>0. 05), the highest was at 80 eggs, and then decreased gradually. The number of larvae less than 0. 1000 g increased with the increase of density;0. 1000~0. 200 0 g larvae reached maximum at density of 60 and 80 at 25 ℃, decreased at 40, 100 and 120, and increased first and then decreased with increasing density at 30 and 35 ℃( maximum at 80 eggs at 30 ℃, and 60 eggs at 35 ℃);the number of larvae over 0. 2000 g decreased with increasing density. The effects of temperature on food intake,body weight, body length, egg-production, hatching rate and duration of Galleria mellonella : under the condition of 25~35 ℃, the higher the temperature,the greater the food intake, body weight, body length and hatching rate, the smaller the duration;but the highest egg-production at moderate temperature. The effects of density on larval body weight and hatching rate of Galleria mellonella :under the condition of 40~120 egg-density( 64 cm^(3) hatching bottle and sufficient food), the weight range of 0. 100 0~0. 200 0 g larvae were obtained more when the dens ity was 60 and 80, and the hatching rate was the highest when the density was 80.