虚拟电厂关键技术及参与电力市场模式设计研究

Research on key technologies of virtual power plant and its participation in power market model design

为应对环境污染的持续加剧和化石燃料的日益短缺,推进落实“双碳”目标、构建现代能源供应体系,以风电、光伏等可再生能源在系统中的并网比例不断提升,给新型电力系统建设带来了挑战。可再生能源发电具有间歇性和波动性,且接入位置分散,增加了电力系统安全稳定运行的难度。虚拟电厂的提出为解决可再生能源、保障能源安全、维持电力系统稳定问题提供了新思路。文章阐述了虚拟电厂的基本架构,并从市场运营技术、协调优化运行技术、物联网技术等3个角度分析了关键技术。并从平台层级、多流合一等角度介绍了市场交易结构,并分析了虚拟电厂参与辅助服务、中长期、现货等多级市场模式,为我国虚拟电厂参与电力市场的建设与发展提供借鉴。

In order to cope with the continuous aggravation of environmental pollution and the growing shortage of fossil fuels,promoting the implementation of the"double carbon"goal,and building a modern energy supply system,and continuously increasing the grid-connected proportion of renewable energy,such as wind power and photovoltaic in the system,which has brought challenges to the construction of novel power system.Renewable energy power generation is intermittent and fluctuating,and the access location is scattered,which increases the difficulty of safe and stable operation of the power system.The proposal of virtual power plant provides a new idea for solving the problems of renewable energy,ensuring energy security and maintaining power system stability.This paper expounds the basic structure of virtual power plant,and analyzes the key technologies from three aspects of market operation technology,coordinated and optimized operation technology,and Internet of things technology.It also introduces the market transaction structure from the perspective of platform level and multi-flow integration,and analyzes the multi-level market modes of the virtual power plants participating in auxiliary services,medium and long-term,spot and so on,which provides reference for the construction and development of the virtual power plants participating in the power market in China.