重构文化世界主义

Reconstructing Cultural Cosmopolitanism

本文追溯了文化世界主义理论发展中的关键节点,在旧的文化世界主义和新的文化世界主义之间做出了区分。由于和启蒙运动语境中拥有身体移动性的精英分子的学术、审美取向紧密相联,旧的文化世界主义话语常常向精英主义和欧洲中心主义倾斜。过去的三十年间,在后殖民理论的帮助下,新的文化世界主义出现在文学研究、文化研究、社会学和人类学等学科领域。经过理论重建后的文化世界主义对全球化语境中的多样性和混杂性做出回应,以去精英化、模式多样化和日常生活化为特征。这三个显著的特征拓展了文化世界主义的理论前提,有助于建立一种更现实、更切实可行的自下而上的世界主义。

This article traces some key nodes in the theoretical development of cultural cosmopolitanism, and then distinguishes between old and new cultural cosmopolitanism. Associated with the intellectual and aesthetic orientation of the mobile elite in the context of the Enlightenment, cultural cosmopolitan discourses are often slanted toward elitism and Eurocentrism. In the past thirty years or so, with the help of postcolonial theory, a new cultural cosmopolitanism has emerged in literary studies, cultural studies, sociology and anthropology. This re-conceptualized cultural cosmopolitanism, in response to diversity and hybridization in the context of globalization, is characterized by its counter-elitism, multimodality and ordinariness. These three prominent features extend the theoretical premises of cultural cosmopolitanism, and help to build from below a more realistic, easily-available and broadly applicable cosmopolitanism.