民国海关档案中的川东“神兵”事件

The“Shen Ping”Movement in Eastern Sichuan in the Customs Archives of the Republic of China

解码民国海关档案,从史原学看:发生在1921年初的万县“神兵”运动,是以神灵附体少女,在张爷庙设坛聚众,攻打万县县城。遭到军阀镇压后,溃散在利川、垫江、奉节、万县等川东一带继续活跃,部分沦为土匪,部分被军阀收编,部分投奔川鄂红军,成为革命的有生力量。以“神”号召,是中国农民起义代天行事的神秘方式之一;“神兵”运动不仅反军阀、抗捐税,同时反“洋人”及海关抽税,具有明显的反帝性质,是中国民主革命的组成部分。解码海关档案,从学术上进一步厘清川东“神兵”的神秘性、反帝性质,及其对中国革命的作用。

By decoding the customs archives of the Republic of China and from the perspective of historiography:the Shen Ping movement in Wanhsien,which occurred in early 1921,was on the grounds of a girl possessed by spirits,setting up an altar in Zhang Ye Temple and gathering people to attack Wanhsien.After being suppressed by warlords,the rout continued to be active in Lichuan City,DianJiang county,Fengjie County,Wanhsien and other places in eastern Sichuan,with some becoming bandits,some being incorporated by warlords,and some joining the Red Army in Sichuan and Hubei and becoming effective revolutionary forces.Summoning by“god”is one of the mysterious ways of acting on behalf of heaven in Chinese peasant uprising.The Shen Ping movement was not only fighting against warlords and taxes,but also against“foreigners”and customs taxes.It was obviously anti-imperialist and a part of China’s democratic revolution.Decoding the customs archives further clarifies the mystery and anti-imperialist nature of the“Shen Ping”in eastern Sichuan from an academic perspective,as well as their role in the Chinese revolution.