中小学校体育场馆对外开放弱激励、强监管模式改革研究

Reform of Weak Incentive and Strong Supervision Model for Opening up of Stadiums and Gymnasiums in Primary and Secondary Schools

学校体育场馆对外开放是学校承担社会责任、助力全民健身国家战略的重要举措。本研究采用专家访谈、实地考察、案例研究等方法,基于激励、监管构建4种分析模式,认为我国中小学校体育场馆对外开放属于弱激励、强监管的模式。弱激励、强监管属于消极安全的开放模式,其主要成因是相关主体的利益协调失衡,积极性不高;运行责任点较多,监管压力较大。基于国家对全民健身发展的布局和现实需求,未来学校体育场馆对外开放应走向强激励、强监管的积极安全开放模式,具体改革路径为变弱激励为强激励,强化主体的利益协调,提高积极性;制度建设缓解学校压力,推进科学监管。

The opening up of school stadiums and gymnasiums is an important measure for the school to assume social responsibility and help the national strategy of fitness for all.The research adopts the methods of expert interview, field investigation and case study, and constructs four analysis modes based on incentive and supervision.It believes that the opening up of stadiums and gymnasiums in primary and secondary schools in China belongs to the mode of weak incentive and strong supervision.Weak incentive and strong supervision belong to the passive, safe and open mode.The main cause for this is the imbalance of the interests of the relevant subjects and the low enthusiasm.The more operational responsibility points, the greater supervision pressure.Based on the national layout and practical needs for the development of fitness for all, the opening up of school stadiums and gymnasiums in the future should move towards a positive, safe and open model of strong incentive and strong supervision.The specific reform paths are to turn weak incentive into strong incentive, strengthen the coordination of interests of relevant subjects, improve enthusiasm, construct systems to ease the pressure on schools and promote scientific supervision.