如何发展儿童审美心理——基于维果斯基文艺心理思想的探讨

How to Develop Children’s Aesthetic Psychology?--Discussion based on Vygotsky’s Psychological Thought of Literature and Art

作为20世纪最有影响力的心理学家之一,维果斯基创立了社会文化历史心理学派并影响至今,但其文艺心理思想却被国内心理学界严重忽视。基于其社会文化观,重点围绕《文艺心理学》论述维果斯基的文艺心理思想,包括:文艺作品是唤起人类情感的美学符号组合;文艺是一种独特的思维方法;对寓言、小说和戏剧所涉及的审美反应的分析;艺术作品作为一种净化过程所蕴含的“逆向感情”的运动。这对发展儿童审美心理的启示是:应以文学作品为文化工具,培育儿童审美感知;以文学作品为教学资源,激发儿童审美想象;以文学作品为思维训练方式,发展儿童审美情感;以文学作品传递人类经验,建构儿童审美理解。

As one of the most influential psychologists in the 20th century,Vygotsky established the School of Social,Cultural and Historical Psychology,which has been influential till today.But his literary and artistic psychological thoughts have been seriously ignored by domestic psychologists.Based on his social and cultural view,this paper focuses on Vygotsky's psychological thoughts of literature and art,which include that:literary works are aesthetic symbol combinations that arouse human emotions;literature and art is a unique way of thinking;analysis of aesthetic reactions involved in fables,novels and plays;and the movement of"reverse feelings"contained in works of art as a purification process.The enlightenment to the development of children's aesthetic psychology lies in:using literary works as cultural tools to cultivate children's aesthetic perception;using literary works as teaching resources to stimulate children's aesthetic imagination;developing children's aesthetic feelings with literary works as the way of thinking;and conveying human experience with literary works and constructing children's aesthetic comprehension.