大数据背景下预测性警务的实践样态与风险规制

Practical Pattern and Risk Regulation of Predictive Policing under the Background of Big Data

在大数据技术赋能下,预测性警务已经成为人工智能在刑事司法领域最流行的应用之一,在过去的十年中获得迅速发展。预测性警务在实践中的广泛应用具有实用性和利益最大化两方面的正当性基础。但是,在享受预测性警务带给侦查工作科技红利的同时,也要正视预测性警务自身存在的权利性风险和技术性风险。人本主义理念下进行技术赋权、程序正义理念下建构技术正义、多元参与理念下保障监督救济是对预测性警务存在风险进行规制的有效路径。

Under the big data technology,predictive policing has developed rapidly in the past decade and has become one of the most popular applications of artificial intelligence in the field of criminal justice.It has the legitimacy basis of practicality and benefit maximization.However,predictive policing brings technological advantages to the investigation work,but there are also rights risks and technical risks.Technical empowerment under the concept of humanism,construction of technical justice under the concept of procedural justice,and safeguard supervision and relief under the concept of multiple participation are effective ways to regulate the risks of predictive policing.