数字化交通平台搭售:特征、机制与反垄断治理

Tied Sale on Digital Transportation Platform:Characteristics,Mechanism and Anti-Monopoly Governance

数字化交通平台提供的服务实质是“信息匹配服务+运输产品”搭售组合。信息匹配服务和运输产品归属不同的市场主体,因而在平台治理中的审慎监管原则难以落地。数字化交通平台搭售带来三大变化,在企业层面表现为网络形态分层结构调整,在服务层面呈现出从需求完整性向供给有效性转变,在市场层面表现为重构相关市场边界。从运行实践来看,网络形态分层结构的横向关系弱化了平台企业责任意识,有效运输产品增强了消费者出行服务的匹配质量,相关市场重构降低了搭售组合的可替代性。治理数字化交通平台搭售,应依据搭售组合归属主体的差异性厘清平台责任边界,约束技术力量对消费者剩余的过度攫取,完善以反垄断治理为主的综合治理体系,聚焦交通运输业高质量发展,促进平台经济健康发展。

The digital transportation platform provides a tying combination of“information matching service and transportation products”.Information matching services and transportation products come from different market subjects.There are three tying characteristics of digital transportation platform,network form stratified structure adjustment,supply effectiveness preference,and related market change.In practice,the horizontal relationship of the network form stratified structure weakens the responsibility consciousness of platform enterprises,the effective transport products enhance the matching quality of travel services,and the relevant market restructuring reduces the substitutability of tying.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the boundary of the platform responsibility according to the difference of tied subject,constrain the excessive capture of consumer surplus,improve the comprehensive governance system focusing on anti-monopoly,focus on the high-quality development of the transport industry,and to promote the healthy development of the platform economy.