海南长臂猿破碎化生境中食物资源可利用性分析

Characteristics of food plants consumed by Hainan gibbon(Nomascus hainanus) in fragmented habitat

食物种类及其可获得性是动物生存的基本条件,也是生境质量评价的重要指标。2013年1月至2014年7月,对海南长臂猿(Nomascus hainanus) C群生境内食源植物种类、数量、食物可获得性及主要取食植物的径级结构进行调查分析,共记录到64种食源植物(标记胸径≥5 cm的乔木1 484株)。海南长臂猿以高大粗壮的食源植物为主要采食对象。这些乔木型食源植物结果率超过50.0%的有15种,占C群全部乔木型采食植物种数的28.8%;结果率最高的是海南单籽暗罗(Monoon laui, 76.7%),最低的是鹅掌柴(Heptapleurum heptaphyllum, 9.6%)。18种长臂猿主食食源乔木中,白肉榕(Ficus vasculosa)、斜叶榕(Ficus tinctoria)等15种食源植物的植株呈增长型结构。南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaria)、二色波罗蜜(Artocarpus styracifolius)为稳定型结构,而桃榄(Pouteria annamensis)为衰退型结构。提示海南长臂猿食物供应植物仍处于年轻状态,但这些食源植物并非每年结果,每年都能结果的仅37种(71.2%),采食树种的结果率高低不受海拔影响,而与树高和胸径显著相关。海南长臂猿在果实稀少的旱季会采食一定量的树叶(15.6%),这种不稳定的食物供应将影响海南长臂猿的种群复壮。

Quantity,availability,and diameter structure of feeding plant species of Hainan gibbons(Nomascus hainanus)were investigated in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park of Bawangling Bureau from January 2013 to July 2014.Sixty-four food species with 1484 plant samples of tree diameter at breast height≥5 cm were recorded in the habitat of Group C of Hainan gibbon.The gibbons highly preferred large and tall trees to feed on.Fifteen tagged plant species have a fructiferous rate of more than 50.0%.The maximum is 76.7%by Monoon laui and the minimum is 9.6%by Heptapleurum heptaphyllum.Among 18 main food plants,15 species showed a growing structure and only Pouteria annamensis showed the recession structure.Food plants consisted of young individuals and only 37 species(71.2%)can fruit every year for the gibbons.Fruit rate of feeding tree species was not affected by altitude and was significantly associated with tree height and diameter at breast height.Hainan gibbons ate tender leaves(15.6%)when fruits were scarce in the dry season.High fluctuations in fruit availability yearly might limit the population growth of Hainan gibbons in a long run.