基于红外相机研究野生动物对地震灾害体的利用特征

Utilization characteristics of wildlife on earthquake-damaged sites based on camera-traps

地震及其引发的次生地质灾害是影响野生动物多样性及空间利用的重要因素,为探究地震后野生动物对地震灾害体的利用特征,为震后生物多样性保护与生态资源恢复方案制定提供基础资料,本研究在四川卧龙国家级自然保护区的不同损毁程度地震灾害体内及周边设置红外相机调查野生动物组成和相对多度指数。经过2 833个相机工作日的调查,在地震灾害体内共探测到野生动物28种(兽类15种,鸟类13种),其中出现频率较高的为红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、马来豪猪(Hystrix brachyura)、中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)等喜食植物(根、茎、叶和果实)的动物,而记录到的兽类中,有60%被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)、易危(VU)和近危(NT),表明珍稀野生动物会利用恢复过程中的地震灾害体,反映出地震灾害体对保护珍稀濒危动物具有潜在生态价值。轻度、中度、重度损毁程度区的物种种类构成差异大,动物相对多度指数(RAI)也存在较大差异:中度>轻度>重度。地震灾害体外的野生动物种数与相对多度指数均高于灾害体内,表明汶川地震引发的次生地质灾害仍在持续影响野生动物生境选择与利用。建议针对震后受损区域的野生动物生境利用展开长期监测与研究。

Earthquake and secondary geological disasters significantly affect the diversity and space use of wildlife.To investigate the utilization characteristics of wildlife on earthquake damage sites caused by earthquakes and secondary geological disasters,and provide basic data for biodiversity protection and the ecological recovery in post-earthquake,here we surveyed the mammal and bird species composition and their relative abundance index inside and outside earthquake-damaged sites of the Wolong Nature Reserve using camera-trap data.Based on 2833 camera-days,we recorded28 species(15 mammals and 13 birds)in earthquake-damaged sites,of which the animals with the highest frequency were herbivorous(those eating roots,leaves,and fruits)such as Chrysolophus pictus,Hystrix brachyura,and Naemorhedus griseus.60%of the recorded animals are classified as endangered(EN),vulnerable(VU),and near threatened(NT)by the IUCN Red List.This indicates that rare wildlife used the earthquake-damaged sites in the process of recovery,and those earthquake-damaged sites have potential ecological meaning for rare wildlife.The species composition was apparently varied among weak,moderate,and severe damaged sites,and the relative abundance index(RAI)of animals was the highest in moderate damaged sites,followed by weak and severe damaged sites.The number of species and RAI of wild animals outside the earthquake-damaged sites are higher than inside.This shows the secondary geological disasters caused by the Wenchuan earthquake still influence wild animals’habitat selection and utilization.We suggest carrying out long-term monitoring on the wildlife utilization in those earthquake-damaged areas.