不同栖息环境的两种啮齿动物Vkorc1基因多态性

Vkorc1 polymorphism of two rodent species in different habitats

维生素K环氧化物还原酶复合物亚基1基因(Vkorc1)的变异与啮齿动物对抗凝血灭鼠剂的抗药性密切相关。为掌握Vkorc1基因变异在野栖类和家栖类啮齿动物中的流行情况,从山西省13个县(市、区)的农田和14个县(市、区)的养殖场采样,检测长尾仓鼠(Cricetulus longicaudatus)和黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi) Vkorc1基因编码区的变异位点及携带不同变异位点的个体的分布情况。结果显示,长尾仓鼠在13个采样地均有捕获,整体占野栖类啮齿动物的23.29%;黄胸鼠分布于8个采样地,整体占家栖类啮齿动物的68.63%。在长尾仓鼠样本(n=105)中检测到6个沉默突变位点和5个错义突变位点,其中,沉默突变C438T (His146His)的变异率最高,为67.62%;共有17只长尾仓鼠样本存在错义突变位点。黄胸鼠样本(n=70)中存在6个沉默突变位点和1个错义突变位点,其中,最常见的沉默突变位点A321C (Ile107Ile)和T411C (Thr137Thr)的变异率均达到18.57%;8只黄胸鼠样本存在与其抗药性相关的A416G (Tyr139Cys)错义突变,其中7只来源于太原市小店区(XID),变异率为35.00%。本研究表明在家居和自然环境中均存在Vkorc1基因的变异,并在太原市小店区检测到黄胸鼠抗性种群的存在,需加强对此种群的监测。

To explore the polymorphism of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 gene(Vkorc1),which is closely related to the resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in the long-tailed hamster(Cricetulus longicaudatus)and the Asian house rat(Rattus tanezumi),the mutation sites of Vkorc1 and their distribution were detected.In present study,samples were collected using the trapping methods from farms at 14 sites and agricultural fields at 13 sites.The exons of Vkorc1 were amplified and sequenced.The sequences were aligned using MEGA X to visually detect the mutation sites in exons and their distribution.The results showed that C.longicaudatus samples were captured in all the 13 sampling sites and accounted for 23.29%of wild rodents.R.tanezumi were distributed in 8 sampling sites,accounting for68.63%of commensal rodents.Six silent mutation sites and 5 missense mutation sites in Vkorc1 were detected in C.longicaudatus samples(n=105).Among them,silent mutation C438T(His146His)had the highest mutation rate of67.62%.A total of 17 C.longicaudatus samples existed missense mutation sites.We found 6 silent mutation sites and1 missense mutation site in R.tanezumi samples(n=70).The mutation rates of the most common silent mutation sites A321C(Ile107Ile)and T411C(Thr137Thr)was up 18.57%.The missense mutation A416G(Tyr139Cys)associated with drug resistance was found in 8 R.tanezumi samples,of which 7 were captured from Xiaodian,Taiyuan,with a mutation rate of 35.00%.In conclusion,Vkorc1 mutations were detected both in anthropogenic habitats and natural ecosystems.We should strengthen the monitoring of R.tanezumi in Xiaodian,Taiyuan,since the formation of the resistant population.