日语中属性构式的句法结构及语义特征分析——以「NPヲシテイル」为中心

An Analysis of Syntactic Structure and Semantic Features of Attribute Constructions in Japanese:Taking[NP WOSITEIRU]as An Example

属性范畴名词是「NPヲシテイル」属性构式获取恒时性的重要手段。通过分析其构式结构可知,该类构式存在两种不同类型,一类属性范畴名词显现于句中,仅有一个属性主,且话题名词不受有生性限制;另一类属性范畴名词未显现于句中,存在两个属性主,且话题名词受有生性限制。该构式虽不承担体貌意义却选择动词「テイル」形式,主要源于「テイル」形的“观察描写性”,这与该构式优先表示视觉属性的倾向相吻合。

Through the lens of construction grammar,this article argues that attribute nouns are the key to analyzing the syntactic representation of the constructions.Attribute nouns are an important means for attribute constructions[NP WOSITEIRU]to obtain constancy.It is found that there are two different types of this construction:in Type One,the attribute noun,which is associated with only one attribute carrier,appears in the sentence,and the sentence Topic is not restricted by animation;In Type Two,the attribute noun,which is associated with two attribute carriers,does not show in the sentence,and the sentence Topic filler has to be animate.This categorization is also confirmed by comparison with Chinese.In addition,although this construction assumes no aspectual function,the use of the verb form TEIRU can be seen as arising from its objective description.This function is consistent with the tendency of this construction to express visual attributes.