敏捷治理时代生态环境行政许可的改革及其限度

On the Reform of Ecological Administrative License in the Era of Agile Governance and Its Limits

敏捷治理是为了应对新的超智能社会5.0而形成的新治理模式,即从合作治理转变为协作治理。“放管服”改革以来,生态环境行政许可的改革方向包括:“多证合一”的地方实践,如排污许可证的要素全覆盖和“一企一证”;不同类型行政许可的合并,如环境影响评价与排污许可证的合并;告知承诺制的扩大适用;同步审批、容缺受理的尝试。这种程序优化和简化的改革值得肯定,但过度扩张的适用也需要警惕。过度“减量”“合并”生态环境行政许可并代之以信用规制下的告知承诺制,有规避或扭曲程序、弱化公众参与、模糊法律责任等风险,与敏捷治理的理念存在一定冲突。应当对《行政许可法》《环境保护法》《环境影响评价法》进行修改,作出合理的程序安排。

Agile governance is a new mode of governance formed in response to the new super-intelligent society 5.0, namely from cooperative governance to collaborative governance. Since reforms to “streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services”, the specific measures concerning ecological administrative license include the local practices of “integrating multiple certifications and licenses into one consolidated business license”, for example the pollutant discharge permit covering all elements and “one consolidated license for one enterprise”;the integration of different types of administrative license, for example the integration of environmental impact assessment and the pollutant discharge permit;the expanded application of the notification-commitment system;the try atsynchronizing examination and approval with tolerant handling. Such reforms in improving and simplifying procedures are commendable, but it is necessary to be alert to their excessive application. The excessive “reduction” or “integration” of ecological administrative license and the substitute of the notification-commitment system under the credit regulation contain risks of circumventing or distorting procedures, weakening public participation, obscuring legal responsibilities, etc., and have certain conflicts with the idea of agile governance, therefore the Administrative License Law, Environmental Protection Law and Environmental Impact Assessment Law should be amended to make a reasonable proceduralarrangement.