公法视野下的《民法典》生态损害赔偿条款解析

Analysis and Interpretation of Ecological Damage Compensation Clauses in Civil Code from the Perspective of Public law

生态损害赔偿是旨在救济环境公益的公法责任,与传统侵权存在理论和实践不适应性。从“公法责任”角度看,《民法典》“生态损害赔偿条款”不是私法规范,而是基于特殊原因规定在《民法典》中的公法规范。就表述内容来看,该条款也不是单一的具体制度规范,而是针对整个环境损害赔偿制度体系的基础规范,是环境民事公益诉讼、生态环境损害赔偿制度和行政恢复责任制度的共通基础,能够为它们确立统一的制度框架、基本规则和行使规范。具体内容须因地制宜,结合具体情形作不同解读,通过环境立法进行明确、细化和补充。

Ecological damage compensation is a public law liability aimed at relieving environmental public interest,which is incompatible with traditional tort theory and practice.From the perspective of“public law liability”,the“ecological damage compensation clause”of the Civil Code is not a private law norm,but a public law norm stipulated in the Civil Code for special reasons.As far as the content of the statement is concerned,this clause is not a single specific institutional norm,but a basic norm for the entire environmental damage compensation system,and is the common basis for civil litigation for environmental public interest,the“ecological damage compensation system”and the administrative restoration responsibility system.and it establishes a unified institutional framework,basic rules and applying norms for them.The specific content must be adapted to local conditions,interpreted in different ways in light of specific circumstances,and clarified,refined and supplemented through environmental legislation.