利用自动监控进行非现场执法的进路及规范构建——基于事实认定的视角

Approach and Specification Construction of Applying Automatic Monitoring for Off-site Law Enforcement——From a Fact-based Perspective

行政自动化背景下,自动监控技术被运用于各种执法领域,使得非现场执法从“非现场监管”演进为“非现场处罚”,同时非现场处罚适用范围已从简易程序扩展到普通程序。但是在事实认定层面囿于两种程序中的证明标准不一,且不同领域中自动监控数据的证明力强弱有别等困境,亟待法律条文与技术操作的跟进。因此,一方面,需要在《行政程序法》中设置阶梯式的证明标准体系,理顺非现场处罚在不同程序中对证据的要求。另一方面,执法机关需要在较为宽松的立案标准下,通过多部门协同,结合不同技术,形成完整的证据链,并且进一步优化自动检测技术,提高数据的精确性,以完成行政自动化的目标。

In the context of administrative automation, automated surveillance technology has been applied to various law enforcement fields, which makes off-site law enforcement evolve from “off-site supervision” to “off-site punishment”. Besides, the application scope of off-site punishment has been extended from summary proceeding to ordinary procedure. However, due to their different standards of proof at the fact-finding level, and the different strength of the proof of automatic monitoring data in different fields, it is urgent to follow up the legal provisions and technical operation. It is necessary to set up a step-by-step proof standard system in the Administrative Procedure Act to clarify the evidence requirements for off-site punishment in different procedures. Moreover, the cooperation of multiple departments and the application of various technologies are required for law enforcement agencies to form a complete evidence chain under relatively loose filing standards, and further optimize the automatic detection technology to continuously improve the accuracy of data, so as to achieve the goal of administrative automation.