被害人承诺与危险接受的界限

On the Boundary between Victim's Commitment and Danger Acceptance

被害人承诺与危险接受都是被害人自我决定权的体现,且两者在行为危险认知上具有一致性,但对危害结果的接受以及行为动机上,却表现出相反态度。在对危害结果的接受上,被害人承诺不仅要求被害人认识到行为的危险性,更要对具体结果的发生表示许可,而危险接受中的被害人最多认识到结果发生的可能性,但对于具体结果的发生一定是反对的。在行为动机上,被害人承诺是以牺牲法益的方式来实现利益交换,而危险接受则是在不牺牲个人利益的情况下意图从危险中获取利益。因此,将被害人承诺与危险接受等同并不恰当。只有立足于被害人的视角,把行为人实施行为时的意志与被害人在迎接风险时的心理态度相结合才能准确适用被害人教义学的内容。

The victim's commitment and danger acceptance are both the embodiment of the victim's right of self-determination.Moreover,they are consistent in the cognition of behavioral risk but show opposite attitudes towards the acceptance of harmful results and behavioral motivation.On the acceptance of the harmful result,the victim’s commitment requires the victim not only to recognize the danger of the behavior,but also to express permission to the occurrence of the specific result.While,the victim in the danger acceptance is aware of the possibility of the result at most,but must be opposed to the occurrence of the specific result.In terms of behavioral motivation,the victim's commitment is to realize the exchange of interests at the expense of legal interests,while the acceptance of danger is to gain benefits from danger without sacrificing personal interests.Therefore,it is not appropriate to equate victim commitment with danger acceptance.Only based on the perspective of the victim,combining the will of the actor when implementing the behavior with the psychological attitude of the victim when meeting the risk we can accurately apply the content of the victim's doctrine.