镍基复合材料在超级电容器中的合成与应用

Synthesis and application of nickel-based composite materials in supercapacitors

镍基电极材料具有理论比电容较高、原料经济等优点,但由于缺乏高比表面积,电导率相对较低,阻碍了其在超级电容器的实际应用。镍基复合材料是一类由镍基化合物与一种或多种不同材料组成的复合材料,有效地结合了镍基化合物和其他材料的优势,如良好的导电性和较大的比表面积等,可以克服单一镍基材料的缺点,实现优异的循环稳定性和较高的比容量,在超级电容器电极材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。镍基复合材料的合成方法多种多样,如水热溶剂热法、化学浴沉积法、溶胶−凝胶法、化学沉淀法、电化学沉积法等。根据镍基复合材料的维度分类,可分为0D、1D、2D、3D四类复合材料,本文重点综述了这四类复合材料的在超级电容器中的应用。

Nickel-based electrode materials have the advantages of higher theoretical specific capacitance and economical raw materials,et al.However,due to the lack of high specific surface area and relatively low conductivity,their practical application in supercapacitors is hindered.Nickel-based composite materials are a type of composite materials composed of nickel-based compounds and one or more different materials,which effectively combine the advantages of nickel-based compounds and other materials,such as good electrical conductivity and large specific surface area.They can overcome the shortcomings of a single nickel-based material,achieve excellent cycle stability and higher specific capacity,and have broad application prospects in the field of supercapacitor electrode materials.There are many ways to synthesize nickel-based composite materials,such as hydrothermal solvothermal method,chemical bath deposition method,sol-gel method,chemical precipitation method,electrochemical deposition method and so on.According to the dimensional classification of nickel-based composite materials,it can be divided into four types of composite materials:0D,1D,2D,and 3D.The applications of these four types of composite materials in supercapacitors were mainly reviewed.