重庆市滨江公园与桥下公园夏季热舒适度对比测析

Comparison and Analysis of Thermal Comfort in Summer between Riverside Parks and Parks under the Urban Viaducts in Chongqing

重庆市夏季高温高湿、静风期长,威胁当地人群的健康.以重庆市九龙外滩公园(滨江公园)、鹅公岩漫步公园(桥下公园)及北碚正码头滨江公园(兼为滨江公园和桥下公园)为例,通过测量滨江公园和桥下公园夏季不同类型场地的小气候,对比分析人体热舒适度,结合行为注记法和访谈式问卷调查游人游园特征、实际热感受及环境偏好等,结果显示:重庆市夏季公园的游人数量随气温的增加而减少;滨江公园和桥下公园的风力均为软风;无桥面遮挡的九龙外滩公园整体热舒适度较低;桥面投影区域能一定程度增湿,其热舒适度高于林荫下环境,显著高于草坪、铺装和沙坑等无遮挡场地,表明桥面能显著影响夏季户外环境小气候,故白天两个桥下公园的游人较多.夏季可利用地形,增植乔木,增设亭廊、花架等构筑物进行遮阳,设置水景或喷雾设施吸收环境热量等以提升公园热舒适度;在桥面下灵活设置健身活动或儿童游乐场地,摆放相应设施,可提高桥下空间的使用率.以期从小气候适应性角度提升重庆市滨江公园和桥下公园的使用率,打造宜居环境,助力城市品质提升.

Summer in Chongqing Municipality is characterized as high temperature,high humidity and a long period of calm wind,posing a threat to local people s health.Taking Jiulong Bund Park(belong to riverside parks),E gongyan Walking Park(belong to parks under the urban viaducts)and Beibei Riverside Wharf Park(belong to riverside parks and parks under the urban viaducts)in Chongqing as examples,by measuring the microclimate of different types of sites in riverside parks and parks under urban viaducts in summer,the human thermal comfort was compared and analyzed.Combined with the behavior annotation method and interview questionnaire,the characteristics of visitors visiting the park,the actual thermal feelings and the environmental preferences were investigated.The results showed that:the number of tourists in the parks of Chongqing in the summer decreased with the increase of temperature.The wind in riverside parks and parks under urban viaducts is soft wind.The overall thermal comfort of Jiulong Bund Park without the bridge deck was the lowest in three parks.The bridge projection area could be more humidity,and the human thermal comfort degree in those areas was higher than the environment under the shade of trees,and significantly higher than unshaded sites such as lawns,pavements and sandpits,indicating that the bridge deck could significantly affect the microclimate of the outdoor environment in summer.Therefore,there were more visitors in those two parks under urban viaducts during the day.In summer,the various terrains could be used,and the number of trees,pavilions,pergolas and other structures could be increased to shade the sun.Water features or mist spray facilities could be set up to absorb environmental heat to enhance the thermal comfort in the parks.The fitness facilities or children s playground and corresponding facilities can be flexibly placed under the bridge deck to improve the utilization rate of space under the viaducts.This paper aims to improve the utilization rate of riverside parks and parks under urban viaducts in Chongqing from the perspective of microclimate adaptability,create a livable environment and improve the quality of the city.