差序格局与一体本位——以丧服制度中的“厌”和“厌降”为中心的透视

Differential Order Pattern and Oneness-based: From the Perspective of Ya and Yajiang in the Mourning Apparel System

差序格局并非描述一种以个体为中心向外辐射而形成的个体本位的社会形态,而是以“己”为中心向外推展形成的一体本位的社会形态。差序格局作为对中国社会结构的描述,背后暗含着中国社会特定的道德体系。充分阐释差序格局的社会结构与社会规范内涵,需要追溯传统丧服制度等礼学根源。丧服制度中的厌、厌降等特殊服制过程,充分显示出“一体本位”的原则在差序格局中的作用机制。“一体之义”,特别是父子一体,是人们在扩展社会关系时最重要的原则。在差序格局的中国社会,人们“向外推”的过程也是不断“向内看”的过程。

The differential order pattern does not describe an individual-based social form formed by radiating outward from the individual as the center, but an oneness(yiti)-based social form formed by pushing outward from the “self” as the center. As a description of Chinese social structure, the differential order pattern implies a special Chinese moral system. In order to fully explain the social structure and social norm connotation of the differential order pattern, we trace back to the traditional mourning apparel system. Ya and yajiang in the mourning apparel system fully show the function mechanism of the principle of “oneness(yiti)-based” in the differential order pattern. The ethic of oneness(yiti), especially the oneness(yiti) of father and son, is the most important principle when people expand their social relations. In the Chinese society of the differential order pattern, the process of people “pushing outward” is also the process of constantly “looking inward”.