回归“政治”的规范研究:政治哲学的学科定位与基本价值

Returning to the Normative Study of“Politics”:The Disciplinary Orientation and Fundamental Values of Political Philosophy

二战以来,西方传统政治哲学身处多元主义的现代社会又遭遇政治科学的冲击,面临严重的学科危机。西方哲学界在回应“伯林问题”时将政治哲学视为某种哲学体系的应用,这就难以就政治哲学的学科定位达成基本的共识。如果转化视角,将哲学看作一种对经验现象反思的思维方式而非独立的学科,那么政治哲学自然可以被定义为对“政治现实的规范研究”,进而可以围绕政治哲学的三大功能,即政治规范的奠基、建构和应用在其内部划分为元政治哲学、规范政治哲学和应用政治哲学。政治哲学的发展需要建立在对政治科学发现的政治事实与政治机制的反思之上,而非对现有哲学教条的简单移用,因而有着不可替代的学术价值。

Since the Second World War,Western traditional political philosophy has faced a serious disciplinary crisis in the modern pluralist society and the impact of political science.When responding to the“Berlin problem”,the Western philosophers have found it difficult to reach a basic consensus on the disciplinary orientation of the political philosophy because they regard political philosophy as the application of a certain philosophical system.If the perspective is transformed and philosophy is seen as a way of thinking about empirical phenomena rather than as an independent discipline,then political philosophy can naturally be defined as the“normative study of political reality”,which can then be divided into meta-political philosophy,normative political philosophy and applied political philosophy,based on its three main functions:the founding,construction and application of political norms.The development of political philosophy needs to be based on the reflection of political facts and mechanisms discovered by political science,rather than on the simple transposition of existing philosophical dogmas,and thus has an irreplaceable academic value.