从“自由进入”到“限制-融合”:20世纪50—70年代英国移民政策的变化

From“Free Entering”to“Restriction Integration”:Changes in British Immigration Policy(1950-1970)

20世纪50—70年代,英国对英联邦内亚非裔移民的政策经历了自由进入到限制融合的变化。二战后劳动力的短缺使英国政府一度对这个移民群体持欢迎态度:只要是英联邦的公民,都有资格进入英国。大量移民的涌入影响当地居民的工作机会并引发了生活方式的冲突。1948年移民法案重申了英联邦与殖民地人民自动获得英国公民身份的权利。1962年法案规定只有在英国出生或持有官方签发的护照,方可移居英国,从而根据护照类别把移民限制在技术或紧缺人才范围内。1971年的移民法案进一步规定只有父辈或祖父辈具有英国国籍的人,才有移民英国的资格。这一措施几乎是完全阻止了来自英联邦的、以定居为目的的移民的进入。在对英联邦亚非裔移民进行限制的同时,英国政府对欧洲移民逐渐持开放态度。

From the 1950 s to the 1970 s,the British policy towards Asian African immigrants in the British Commonwealth experienced a change from opening to restricting integration.The shortage of labor force after World War II made the British government once welcome this immigrant group:any citizen of the British Commonwealth is eligible to enter Britain.The influx of a large number of immigrants affected the job opportunities of local residents and caused conflicts in lifestyle.The 1948 Immigration Act stipulated that immigrants must have a source of livelihood and guarantee.The 1962 Act stipulated that only citizens born in the United Kingdom or holding official issued passports can emigrate to the United Kingdom,and immigration is restricted to skilled or scarce talents by passport type.The Immigration Act of 1971 further stipulated that only those whose parents or grandparents had British nationality were eligible to immigrate to the United Kingdom.The result of this measure is that the flow of migrant workers from the Commonwealth for settlement purposes has almost stopped.While restricting Asian African immigrants in the British Commonwealth,the British government has gradually opened its mind to European immigrants.