论网络声誉罚的程序保障——以行政机关公布平台企业违法事实行为的规制为切入

On the Procedural Regulation of Online Reputation Punishment:The Regulation of the Administrative Organs Announcing the Illegal Facts of Platform Enterprises as an Entry

行政机关公布平台企业违法事实行为的法律属性不明,缺乏必要的程序规制,亟待在法治框架下进行优化设计,以兼顾公布前合法性和公布后法律效果的双重目标。将该行为解释为《行政处罚法》第9条其他行政处罚中的声誉罚,仍不足以面对其网络传播风险扩散对传统行政正当程序的挑战,因此,亟须建立一套网络声誉罚的程序保障机制。首先,建立启动公布的事前程序保障,内嵌“调查-约谈-检查”的程序链,强化听取意见、拓展说明理由内容与双向回避等规范行政行为的程序要素;其次,辅之以公布平台企业违法事实过程中的“审核-撤销”等程序机制,构建披露内容尺度的“适度标准”,精准控制网络声誉罚的信息含量;最后,增加前置审查程序和“撤销-增删”程序,塑造后续程序性限制措施,全面夯实以程序装置为保障的网络声誉罚规制体系。

The legal attributes of the administrative organ’s act of publishing the illegal facts of the platform enterprise are unclear,lacking the necessary procedural safeguards,and urgently need to be optimally designed under the framework of the rule of law to take into account the dual objectives of pre-publication legality and post-publication legal effects.The interpretation of the act as a reputation penalty in other articles of Article 9 of the Administrative Penalties Law is still insufficient to face the challenge of the proliferation of its network dissemination risk to traditional administrative due process.There is an urgent need to establish a set of procedural safeguards for online reputation penalties:first,to establish prior procedural safeguards for initiating publication,embedding the procedural chain of“investigation-interview-inspection”,strengthening the procedural elements for regulating administrative actions such as hearing opinions,expanding the content of justification and two-way recusal;second,to supplement the process of publishing the illegal facts of platform enterprises,supplemented by the“review-withdrawal”and other procedural mechanisms in the process of publishing the illegal facts of platform enterprises,to build the“moderate standard”of the scale of disclosure content,and precisely control the information content of online reputation penalties;finally,to increase the pre-review procedure and procedure of“withdrawal-addition and deletion”,and shape the subsequent procedural restriction measures,thus to consolidate the online reputation penalty regulation system guaranteed by procedural devices.