谷子不同核心种质的小米氨基酸组分积累特性分析及其评价

Analysis and Evaluation of the Accumulation Characteristics of Amino Acid Components in Different Core Germplasms of Foxtail Millet

旨在通过分析不同来源谷子种质的小米氨基酸组分积累特性,评价谷子核心种质资源品质情况,为小米优质品种选育提供参考。以154份谷子核心种质为材料,利用近红外光谱法分别对2 a小米的17种氨基酸含量进行测定,通过小米氨基酸的变异系数和相关性、不同种质来源对氨基酸含量的影响研究氨基酸积累特性,并利用主成分和聚类分析筛选富含氨基酸的优质种质。结果表明,小米中谷氨酸、丙氨酸和异亮氨酸的含量最高(>1%),苏氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、半胱氨酸含量最低(<0.4%);除组氨酸、缬氨酸外,其余15种氨基酸积累特性在年份间存在显著差异,来源于黑龙江、甘肃等省的种质氨基酸平均总含量最高(>13%)。此外,春谷种质的小米13种氨基酸含量均显著高于夏谷种质。相关性分析表明,不同氨基酸间均存在显著相关,其中,苯丙氨酸与组氨酸等10种氨基酸呈显著负相关。主成分和聚类分析将154份谷子核心种质分为4个类群,其中,第Ⅰ类群种质小米氨基酸含量明显高于其他3类种质,筛选出甘肃陇粟2号、陇谷5号、陇谷10号、黑龙江嫩选十一号、山西大同黄、白毛粱谷、新疆二白谷等高氨基酸品种和甘肃陇谷10号、山西向阳谷等高赖氨酸品种。

In order to analyze the accumulation characteristics of amino acid components from different origins of foxtail millet germplasms,evaluate quality of core germplasms of foxtail millet,and provide a reference for breeding for excellent quality cultivars of foxtail millet.In this study,154 core germplasms of foxtail millet were selected as materials.The contents of 17 different amino acids in grains of foxtail millet were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy in 2019 and 2020,respectively.The accumulation characteristics were studied based on the coefficient of variation,correlation of amino acid,the effects of different germplasm origins on amino acid content.Furthermore,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to screen the excellent germplasms with abundance of amino acids.The results revealed that the contents of Glu,Ala,and Ile were the highest(>1%),the contents of Thr,His,Lys,and Cys were the lowest(<0.4%)in grains of foxtail millet.There were significant differences in accumulation characteristics of the 15 amino acids between years,except His and Val.Moreover,the average total content of amino acids from Heilongjiang province,Gansu province and other regions presented the highest(>13%).Additionally,the contents of 13 amino acids in grains in spring-sown millet class were significantly higher than the contents in summer-sown millet class.The correlation analysis results showed that there were significant correlations among different amino acids.A significantly negative correlation existed among the 10 amino acids such as Phe,His and so on.The 154 core germplasms of foxtail millet could be divided into 4 subgroups through principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The amino acid content of grains in the first subgroup was significantly higher than that in the other three subgroups.The cultivars with high amino acid content were screened,they were Longsu 2,Longgu 5,and Longgu 10 from Gansu,Nenxuan 11 from Heilongjiang,Datonghuang and Baimaolianggu from Shanxi,Erbaigu from Xinjiang.The cultivars with high Lys content were screened,such as Longgu 10 from Gansu,Xiangyanggu from Shanxi.