晋北地区不同粮草轮作模式的产量及经济效益分析

Yield and Economic Benefit Analysis of Different Grain-Grass Rotation Patterns in Northern Shanxi

为探究晋北地区不同粮草轮作模式的产量及经济效益,2017—2019年在朔州市朔城区进行了燕麦—毛苕子—青贮玉米(O-H-C)、燕麦—毛苕子—谷子(O-H-M)、燕麦—毛苕子—燕麦(O-H-O)、燕麦—大豆—青贮玉米(O-S-C)、燕麦—大豆—谷子(O-S-M)、燕麦—大豆—燕麦(O-S-O)、燕麦—燕麦—青贮玉米(O-O-C)、燕麦—燕麦—谷子(O-O-M)8个粮草轮作模式的田间试验,以生物产量和经济收入为评价指标进行综合评价。结果表明,有青贮玉米的3个轮作模式(O-H-C、O-S-C、O-O-C)生物产量较高,平均为25845.7 kg/hm^(2),以燕麦为主体的4个轮作模式(O-H-O、O-S-O、O-O-C、O-O-M)生物产量较低,平均为19641 kg/hm^(2);有谷子的3个轮作模式(O-H-M、O-S-M、O-O-M)经济效益较高,平均为20115元/hm^(2),以燕麦为主体的4个轮作模式(O-HO、O-S-O、O-O-C、O-O-M)经济效益较低,平均为10672元/hm^(2)。综上,燕麦—毛苕子—谷子、燕麦—大豆—青贮玉米、燕麦—毛苕子—青贮玉米和燕麦—大豆—谷子等4个粮草轮作模式生物产量和经济效益较高,是晋西北地区比较理想的粮草轮作模式。

In order to explore the yield and economic benefits of different grain-grass rotation patterns in northern Shanxi province,in this study,a field experiment was conducted in Shuocheng district in Shuozhou city from 2017 to 2019.There were eight rotation patterns in the experiment:oat-hairy vetch–corn(O-H-C),oat-hairy vetch-millet(O-H-M),oat-hairy vetchoat(O-H-O),oat-soybean–corn(O-S-C),oat-soybean–millet(O-S-M),oat-soybean-oat(O-S-O),oat-oat–corn(O-OC),oat-oat-millet(O-O-M).The biological yield and economic income were used as evaluation indexes for comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the biological yield of the three rotation patterns(O-H-C,O-S-C,O-O-C)with silage corn was higher,with an average of 25845.7 kg/ha,while the biological yield of the four rotation patterns(O-H-O,O-S-O,O-OC,O-O-M)with oat as the main body was lower,with an average of 19641 kg/ha.The economic benefit of the three rotation patterns(O-H-M,O-S-M,O-O-M)with millet was the highest,with an average of 20115 yuan/ha,while the economic benefit of the four rotation patterns(O-H-O,O-S-O,O-O-C,O-O-M)with oat as the main body was lower,with an average of 10672 yuan/ha.Overall,the four rotation patterns of O-H-M,O-S-C,O-H-C,and O-S-M had higher biological yield and economic benefit,they were the ideal grain-grass rotation patterns in northern Shanxi.