10%唑草酮可湿性粉剂对冬小麦田间杂草的防治效果及安全性分析

Control Efficacy and Safety Analysis of 10%of Carfentrazone-Ethyl Wettable Powder on Weeds in Winter Wheat Field

小麦作为山西省第二大粮食作物,保证其产量和品质尤为重要,而田间杂草是影响其生长发育的重要因素之一。为明确10%唑草酮可湿性粉剂防治冬小麦田间杂草的效果及其对作物冬小麦的安全性,于2017、2018年在山西省运城市万荣县皇甫乡新庄村进行了冬小麦田间杂草防治的药效试验,并对用药后冬小麦生长发育及产量进行测评。结果表明,试验药剂10%唑草酮可湿性粉剂施用的有效用量为24、27、30、54 g/hm^(2)的不同处理对冬小麦田间杂草播娘蒿、荠菜、离子草均表现出良好的防治效果,药后15 d防治效果可达到70%以上;药后30 d防治效果呈上升趋势,接近或达到100%,说明试验药剂的药效随用药时间的延长而呈上升趋势,且持效期长,药效好。综合对药后冬小麦生长发育的观察及对测产结果分析发现,试验药剂10%唑草酮可湿性粉剂对作物冬小麦的生长发育安全,且使用其防治冬小麦田间杂草可以起到一定增产作用,各处理可增产3.9%~9.1%。在农业生产中,根据当地杂草发生情况及经济有效的原则,在使用10%唑草酮可湿性粉剂防治冬小麦田间杂草时的推荐使用剂量为27~30 g/hm^(2)。

Wheat is the second largest grain crop in Shanxi,so ensuring its yield and quality is particularly important,and weeds in field are one of the important factors to affect growth and development of wheat.In order to clarify the control efficacy of 10%of carfentrazone-ethyl wettable powder(WP)on weeds in winter wheat field and safety to winter wheat,in this study,a field efficacy experiment on weed control in a winter wheat field in Xinzhuang village,Huangfu township,Wanrong county,Yuncheng city,Shanxi province was conducted in 2017 and 2018.The growth,development,and yield of winter wheat after herbicide application were evaluated.The results showed that 24,27,30,54 g/ha of effective dosages of 10%of carfentrazoneethyl WP had a good control efficacy on weeds in the winter wheat field,such as Descurainia sophia,Capsella bursa-pastoris,and Chorispora tenella.After 15 d of application,the control efficacy could reach more than 70%,and after 30 d of application the control efficacy maintained an upward trend,and the control efficacy was close to or reached 100%,indicating that the efficacy of the test drug increased with the extension of application,continued long,and had a good efficacy.Based on observation of winter wheat growth and development after application and analysis of yield measurement results,10%of carfentrazone-ethyl WP was safe for the growth and development of winter wheat,and the yield of winter wheat increased by 3%-9%after weed control.According to the occurrence of local weeds and the principle of economic effectiveness,the recommended dosage of 10%of carfentrazone-ethyl WP for controlling weeds in the winter wheat field was 27-30 g/ha in agricultural production.