南极冰盖垂直温度场观测系统的设计与应用

Design and Application of Vertical Temperature Field Observation System for Antarctic Ice Sheet

极地冰下温度剖面的观测可为极区科学考察站的建设、南极冰下湖资源的开采等工程提供重要依据。近年来,国内外研制的温度观测系统,主要针对北极海冰环境设计,而南极冰盖下的温度场观测鲜有提及。本文提出一种在南极地区恶劣环境下,基于半导体温度传感器的冰下温度场分布观测系统。通过对电路结构和软件控制流程的设计,解决低温环境下能源消耗过快的问题。针对南极冰盖下单总线信号长距离传输困难的问题,对传输线缆进行分析,重新计算并依据结果调整硬件结构与程序。为检测系统能否满足观测需求,进行了温度精度与系统功耗的测定实验,达到数据稳定回传的目的。系统于中国第35次南极科学考察期间布放在我国南极昆仑站区域,获得超过6个月的南极冰盖温度场观测数据。

Observations of the temperature filed under the polar ice will provide more valuable data to construct the scientific research station in the polar region and exploit the Antarctic subglacial lakes resources. To date, the study of temperature observation system was mainly focus on the Arctic sea ice environment, but the counterpart under the Antarctic ice sheet was rarely mentioned. This study proposes an observation system based on semiconductor temperature sensor and observing the distribution of temperature field in the harsh environment of Antarctica. The circuit structure and control process were designed to solve the problem of excessive energy consumption in low temperature environment. The cable needs to be modeled and analyzed because of the long distance of signal transmission under the Antarctic ice sheet. The hardware and software were recalculated and adjusted. In order to detect whether the system can meet the observation requirements, a measurement experiment of temperature accuracy and system power consumption was carried out. The system was deployed around Kunlun Station in Antarctic, and collected effective temperature field data for more than six months.