支路与保护协同篡改的虚假拓扑攻击攻防博弈模型研究

Research on Offensive and Defensive Game Model of False Topology Attack Based on Collaborative Tampering With Branch and Protection

虚假拓扑攻击作为一种特殊类型的虚假数据注入攻击,通过协同篡改支路量测数据与保护动作信息,影响控制中心对系统拓扑的实时感知从而干扰调度策略,对现代电力系统的安全经济运行造成了极大威胁。该文针对拓扑攻击开展深入研究,首先在分析虚假数据攻击作用机理的基础上,研究拓扑攻击的实施策略。此外,拓扑攻击者需协同篡改保护装置与断路器状态,因此考虑实际系统中的输电线路、变压器支路与母线保护配置,构建了针对实际系统保护配置的虚假拓扑攻击方案与模型。其次,建立了3层数学模型以反映拓扑攻击下防御者–攻击者–运行者三者间的动态博弈过程,并提出了基于交流状态估计的攻击向量快速转换方法。最后,采用IEEE 14节点算例描述博弈过程并分析不同情况下的系统关键支路。

False topology attack, as a special class of false data injection attacks, tampers with the branch measurement data and the protection action information to affect the control center’s real-time judgement of the system topology and interferes with the dispatching strategy, which will undermine the economical and safe operation of the modern power systems. This paper conducts an in-depth research on topology attacks. First, based on the analysis of the mechanism of the false data injection attacks, the implementation strategy of the topology attacks is studied. In addition, because the topology attackers need to cooperatively tamper with the protection devices and the circuit breaker states, this paper constructs the scheme and model of the false topology attack based on the protection configuration of the transmission lines, the transformers and the buses in the actual system. Secondly, a tri-level mathematical model is constructed to illustrate the dynamic game theories among the defender, the attacker and the operator under the topology attacks, and then a fast conversion method is proposed to model the attack vectors based on the AC state estimation.Finally, in a set of case studies on IEEE 14-node system, the simulation results analyze the game process and identify the critical system branches in different situations under a topology attack.