“洒落气象”与朱熹《春日》诗旨探微

An Exploration of “A Natural and Unrestrained Atmosphere” and the Poetic Purport of Zhu Xi’s The Spring

《春日》诗是朱熹青年时期的作品,也是从游李侗之后进入思想新境界的结果。作为“洒落气象”的重要载体,它以“识得圣贤气象”,最终体认“天理”为目标。以“看圣贤言语”为起点,在“识得东风面”的隐喻下来展开充满生机的阐说,直至在“理一分殊”中“察乎天地”,体认着“万紫千红”的实有境界。它的意象直承延平之教,与周敦颐的“光风霁月”一脉相承。在“廓然大公”的“孔颜之乐”中,使得“曾点气象”与释老的“空山”镜像划开了界限,展现着“理与心为一”的“洒落气象”。

The Spring(Chunri春日)was a work from Zhu Xi’s朱熹adolescent years and the result of entering a new frontier of thought after traveling with Li Tong李侗.As the vehicle for a“natural and unrestrained atmosphere”(saluo qixiang洒落气象),its aim is“to know the mood of sages and worthies”(Shide shengxian qixiang识得圣贤气象)and ultimately to realize the“heavenly principles”(tian li天理).Taking“reading the words of the sages and worhies”(kan shengxian yanyu看圣贤言语)as its starting point,it unfolds a vivid explanation through the metaphor of“knowing the eastern wind”(Shide dong fengmian识得东风面),up to“observing nature”(cha hu tian di察乎天地)in the midst of“universality and particularity”(li yi fen shu理一分殊),which leads to the actualized state of“many thousands of flowers”(wan zi qian hong万紫千红).Its imagery comes directly from Li Tong’s teachings and falls in the same strain as Zhou Dunyi’s周敦颐“a clean breeze and clear moon”(guang feng ji yue光风霁月).From within the“calm selflessness”(kuo ran da gong廓然大公)of“the happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui”(Kong Yan zhi le孔颜之乐),“Zeng Dian’s mood”(Zeng Dian qixiang曾点气象)and the Daoist and Buddhist mirror image of“the empty mountain”(kong shan空山)become demarcated,revealing the“natural and unrestrained atmosphere”of“reason and heart being one”(li yu xin wei yi理与心为一).